"Chairman Zheng, we actually have some ideas about the causes of dizziness."

However, we haven't yet come up with a good way to convert electrical signals into brain nerve signals.

Implantable brain-computer interfaces do not align with our product positioning.

The biggest challenge is how to accurately transmit electrical signals into the human brain using existing methods without causing harm.

In Chinese parlance, it's said that everything is difficult at the beginning.

We've been exploring how to do this recently.

After talking with Zheng Li, Li Miaomiao specifically sent an email to Li Wanqing through the internal email system to ask him questions.

This is because not only has the Singapore Research and Development Center not made any new research progress recently, but the number of experimental monkeys consumed by Singapore has also increased significantly in the past two months.

It's worth noting that after the soul test, the price of the experimental monkey increased tenfold.

Pharmaceutical companies are trying to find alternatives to laboratory monkeys because the cost of using laboratory monkeys is simply too high.

Due to the soaring costs of clinical trials, a large number of small and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies have gone bankrupt.

Currently, developing a small molecule drug requires at least one billion US dollars from research and development to market launch. Small and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies simply cannot afford this.

The soaring costs have led to a booming CRO industry, with many European and American pharmaceutical companies outsourcing basic research and development to CRO companies in China.

The market value of China's leading CRO company has more than doubled.

Another contradictory point is that the results of experiments using other experimental organisms instead of experimental monkeys are not recognized in some countries.

Drug regulatory agencies in these countries require that experiments be conducted on laboratory monkeys before allowing pharmaceutical companies to conduct human clinical trials.

They believe that drugs lack sufficient persuasiveness unless they have undergone rigorous biological testing.

These countries are mostly underdeveloped and developing countries, and they tend to be superstitious.

However, there is one exception: America. This is partly due to their high level of superstition, and partly because they hope to raise the bar for innovative drugs.

After Li Wanqing sent a video request to Zheng Li, Zheng Li agreed.

Li Wanqing continued, "We have conducted various experiments on laboratory monkeys, but so far the results have not been very good."

VR stands for Virtual Reality.

It's just that in the domestic context, VR and virtual reality are separated, with virtual reality being considered more advanced than the metaverse, and then the metaverse being considered more advanced than VR.

In fact, the earliest concept of virtual reality can be traced back to the 1950s.

If people from that era used today's VR technology, they would definitely think it's more advanced than the virtual reality technology they imagined.

It's just that people's tastes have been spoiled by the ever-evolving technology.

Previously, VR technology was not considered virtual reality.

It wasn't until the brain-computer interface VR technology from Kechuang Future was released that people felt it could barely be considered to be related to the metaverse.

The research and development task assigned to Li Wanqing by Kechuang Biotechnology was to take a big step forward in existing technology.

First, nerve cells generate electrical signals to transmit information.

Although neurons are not good electrical conductors by nature, they have evolved sophisticated mechanisms over millions of years of evolution.

Electrical signals are generated based on the flow of ions through their plasma membrane.

Normally, neurons generate a negative potential called the resting membrane potential, which can be measured by recording the voltage between the inside and outside of the nerve cell.

Action potentials eliminate negative resting potentials and instantaneously make transmembrane potentials positive.

Action potentials propagate along the length of the axon and are the basic signals in the nervous system that transmit information from one place to another.

The generation of resting potential and action potential can be understood based on the selective permeability of nerve cells to different ions and the normal distribution of these ions on the cell membrane.

In fact, people have long since achieved the conversion of external signals into nerve signals, which is vibration.

Vibrations in the air produce sound, which is then further converted into neural signals that the brain can process.

There are approximately 110 species of organisms in our genome.

These proteins are involved in processes such as cell composition and intercellular signal transduction.

At the heart of this system is a tuft of fine hairs deep within the cochlea, which are connected by protein chains called "tip links".

When the cochlea vibrates in response to sound, the hairs move, causing the tip junctions to extend and open ion channels on the hairs.

When positively charged ions flow in, they generate electrical signals that the brain uses to process sound.

These links are composed of two proteins, cadherin 23 and procadherin 15.

The area where these two proteins meet is more flexible than in other areas of the human body.

Calcium in the endolymph, combined with fluids and proteins within the ear, helps increase the strength and rigidity of the tip connection.

In the long protocadherin-15 sequence, even amino acids capable of periodically binding calcium were found.

This protein linkage results in mechanical vibrations, which are the conversion of sound into electrical signals that the brain can understand.

(The above concepts come from a paper on cell structure and function by Rachel Legaudet, a biology professor at Harvard University, and Marcossotomayor, an assistant professor at Ohio State University.)

Li Wanqing's attempt to study how to convert electrical signals into neural signals in this direction failed.

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