Chapter 517 Private Trip (Bug Fix): The Weather Is So Hot

Ivanov claimed that his trip to China was a purely private activity, but his private activities were not just about eating, drinking, and having fun; he also had to do work.

He got off the plane and immediately went to the lithography machine factory in Pudong.

Besides visiting the Soviet engineers working in the factory—yes, including engineers from Russia and Belarus—another key task was to see their lithography machines.

It's not the immersion lithography machine with a wavelength of 193 nanometers that's struggling to get started, but the Xuanhuang lithography machine that has already begun small-scale mass production.

Yes, it's that 365nm mercury lamp light source, suitable for low-end ICs and MEMS using 0.35-micron dry lithography machines.

Ivanov examined it carefully for a long time, then quietly asked the factory manager next to him, "Can it maintain stable production?"

The factory manager nodded affirmatively: "It can process 25-30 wafers per hour."

Compared to the more mature i-line lithography machines of the same period, its production capacity is obviously far inferior.

Nikon's NSR 4425i, launched this year, can process approximately 100 wafers per hour.

Meanwhile, Silicon Valley Group's i-line stepper lithography machine, developed around the same time, also had a capacity of 60 wafers per hour.

But for them, this was already a huge, groundbreaking, and unprecedented advancement.

Before this, neither China nor the Soviet Union before or after its collapse had ever mass-produced a mature lithography machine.

So Ivanov was quite excited and turned to Wang Xiao to ask, "Can Mikron be used?"

Mikron is one of the few remaining semiconductor companies in Russia, and also the largest.

Its predecessor was the Institute of Molecular Electronics, founded in 1964.

During the Soviet era, it fared quite well. Thanks to strong state support, it became the first entity in the Soviet Union in the 1970s capable of developing and manufacturing scalable digital and analog integrated circuits.

In its glorious history, it also developed the Soviet Union's first oxide-insulated integrated circuit process and even introduced plasma chemistry process.

The Soviet Union's electronic needs in cutting-edge fields such as aerospace were once supported by its technological achievements.

Tragically, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, and affected by technological gaps and supply chain disruptions, its fate, like that of other semiconductor companies, was one of decline.

After Ivanov became deputy prime minister, he argued from the White House in Moscow to the Kremlin, managing to secure special financial subsidies for Ivanov and another semiconductor company, Angustylm, which allowed them to maintain basic production.

The reason he's only asking if Xuanhuang can be used by Mikeron is because, so far, only Mikeron has completed the upgrade and now finally has a 0.35-micron process technology, while Angstrom is still using the 0.5-micron process technology.

Wang Xiao nodded, very confidently: "It can be used. In June, Mikron's engineers came and approved it, and placed an order."

The reason they haven't started picking up the goods yet is because their money hasn't arrived in their accounts.

The reason the money hasn't arrived yet is because the Ministry of National Defense owes them money for goods.

If he weren't in the lithography machine factory workshop, where he was wearing protective clothing and couldn't move around easily, Ivanov would have wanted to facepalm.

Damn the Ministry of National Defense, I have no idea how much they've embezzled.

He could only helplessly say, "I'll try to find a way to raise the money for them."

What else can they do? They've worked so hard to gather so much strength to build their own lithography machine. If they don't support its use and the formation of an industry chain, how can they make further progress?

Are you kidding me? Wuzhou is already capable of producing chips made of 0.25 micrometers, so of course they'll do everything they can to keep up with the latest technologies.

Wang Xiao laughed and joked, "I hope the leaders will continue to support us."

Ivanov could only hum twice.

Even with this little setback, he was overjoyed. Even the smallest progress was progress. As long as he kept moving forward, he would get closer and closer to his hope.

Seeing that the Deputy Prime Minister had approved of Xuanhuang, Dr. Lin Benjian thought that he would then focus his interest on the 190-nanometer wavelength immersion lithography machine.

Unexpectedly, Mr. Ivanov simply glanced at it, didn't even ask many questions, and then left.

Dr. Lin was puzzled. He seemed very interested in lithography machines. He came to the factory without even resting after getting off the plane.

The factory manager explained to him in a low voice, "Russia is not pursuing advanced production lines now, and it basically doesn't make consumer electronics chips. Their industrial planning is mainly focused on the needs of defense, aerospace, and energy production."

"Therefore, they don't have high requirements for the manufacturing process; they mainly want stability. When our Xuanhuang chip is upgraded to the second generation and can produce 0.25-micron process chips, the chip factory will transfer the 0.25-micron line to Angström. Once we can produce 0.18-micron chips, we will transfer the 0.18-micron line to Mikron."

Simply put, production lines will only be transferred once the technology is mastered in Xiaozhou, the entire supporting system is complete, and core components are basically self-sufficient.

Why not just do it in Xiaozhou? It would be cheaper to do it in Xiaozhou.

No, no, no, that's absolutely unacceptable. Some things can't be decided solely by cost; more important factors must be considered.

It is impossible for core military chips to be manufactured by overseas factories.

This is not a matter of trust or distrust; it is a fundamental principle of national security.

Under this fundamental principle, Russia has established a selective, self-reliant manufacturing capability to produce it. This manufacturing capability does not pursue technological leadership, but rather mastery and reliability in specific processes.

Dr. Lin became curious: "Are they really not planning to pursue it?"

During the Soviet era, although the Soviet Union initially took the opposite approach in the field of chips and did not value integrated circuits, it later made great efforts to catch up, and the results were not bad.

The factory manager shook his head: "Right now, their main focus is on design and materials. Russians are good at math, physics, and programming. They concentrate on chip architecture, algorithms, and circuit design, which is great."

In addition, as far as he knows, they are also developing EDA software, and are focusing their efforts on developing EDA software for special chip designs.

They are also committed to high-purity silicon and specialty gases.

Everyone's talking about how the semiconductor industry needs to globalize and collaborate. So, striving to become a key global player in a certain link of the supply chain is a very realistic option.

Lin Benjian couldn't help but sigh inwardly, "Even a starved camel is bigger than a horse."

It is an undeniable fact that a large number of scientific and technological talents left the Soviet Union after its collapse. Some have even argued that the widening gap in technological development between the United States and Russia in recent years is precisely because the United States benefited from the talent dividend that originally belonged to the Soviet Union.

In this context, it is indeed a wise choice to base development on strong basic science and engineering talent, adopt an asymmetric development strategy, and concentrate resources on developing niche areas such as specialty semiconductors, power devices, and analog chips.

As a major power, Russia has every opportunity to establish irreplaceable global competitiveness in these areas.

Only by preserving the spark and hope can industrial upgrading be possible in the future.

This is the advantage of a powerful nation with a strong foundation; even relying solely on its own defense, aerospace, and energy development needs, it can maintain its core industries.

If a small, weak country lacks both defense and aerospace industries, and is driven out of the consumer electronics sector, its semiconductor industry will simply collapse.

Before leaving, Ivanov made a point of shaking hands with the senior executives and engineering representatives of the lithography machine factory to thank them for their hard work and dedication.

Dr. Lin, having run a company and sought orders all over the world for it, smiled and replied in English, "I look forward to your continuous stream of orders."

Their current lithography machine manufacturing capabilities mean they have no chance of competing with the giants; simply put, they can't even get a foothold in the mainstream international market.

However, as long as they secure the official Russian order, it's equivalent to the Russian side providing a strong endorsement of their reliability and stability.

For chip manufacturers that do not pursue or are unable to pursue the most advanced manufacturing processes, their lithography equipment is a pretty good choice.

He couldn't help but sigh inwardly. He had previously expressed his concerns to Richard, fearing that the lithography machines he produced would not sell, and asked him to help him find a way to expand the customer base as much as possible.

Who told him to have been a boss before? He knows all too well the importance of orders.

Richard laughed and told him not to worry, because his new boss's specialty was selling goods.

She never worries about not being able to sell her goods; she only worries about not having enough stock on hand.

It seems that those who dare to enter the lithography machine industry are indeed confident in their abilities.

By the time Ivan finished at the lithography machine factory, it was already dark. What else could he do? Of course, he quickly ate something and then went back to the hotel to sleep.

When he was lying in bed, did he have any thoughts? Of course he did, it's not like he's impotent, and besides, absence makes the heart grow fonder.

They hadn't seen each other for a very, very long time since the king left Moscow.

Just as he was about to make another move, Wang Xiao pressed him down: "Go to sleep. Aren't you sleepy?"

Ivanov didn't feel very sleepy.

However, Wang Xiao doesn't care what you think, only what I think.

"You yawned while you were eating, and you still say you're not sleepy?"

Even the most luxurious flights are never comfortable if you sit on a plane for seven or eight hours straight.

Wang Xiao sighed and gently patted his back: "Go to sleep, get some rest. I want you to live to be a hundred years old, and always be healthy and well."

Ivan was stunned.

Then he heard Wang solemnly emphasize: "I said, when the time comes, I will let the drones set off fireworks for you. I want you to watch them properly, to see the most beautiful fireworks."

She still grinds her teeth when she talks about it now. That damn drone team, are they all tortoises or snails? They haven't produced anything decent yet, it's infuriating!

But Ivanov felt fireworks exploding before his eyes.

He wasn't just saying sweet nothings; he genuinely felt that his world was as dazzling as fireworks.

As it turned out, Boss Wang was a very demanding person. She emphasized very seriously, "No, it's not brilliant enough. It must be even more brilliant, the most brilliant!"

Then she kissed him and said, "Go to sleep and get some rest."

Ivanov smiled and closed his eyes.

When he woke up in the middle of the night, Wang was still in his arms, fast asleep. At that moment, happiness and peace were so tangible.

He didn't even care about the bulge in the Queen's back that he felt.

Autumn is just around the corner, time to fatten up for winter, and then we'll be ready.

The wind is gentle, the night is deep, everything is just right.

The next morning, the two of them didn't stay in bed long. After having breakfast at the hotel, they quickly took a car to the optical factory and precision instrument center in Nanshan.

The latter only officially began preparations in May of this year, but its progress has been astonishing.

Because German companies in Nanshan heard the news, they took the initiative to approach us, hoping to cooperate.

On the one hand, they themselves need magnetorheological polishing equipment; on the other hand, everyone is very optimistic about this project and firmly believes that it will sell well after large-scale production. By investing now and joining the supply chain, they can also make money later.

See, this is what business is all about.

Everyone's eager to make money. And German companies, not yet burdened by environmental regulations, are incredibly efficient. The two sides were a perfect match.

Ivan toured the factory and center with great interest, finding everything interesting and asking questions and touching things with boundless curiosity.

At the end of the line, an elderly gentleman exclaimed, "Ivan, if only you had this thirst for knowledge when you were in school."

The person whose name was called turned around, instantly horrified: "Mr. Pavlov, you...hello!"

Who is Mr. Pavlov? He's his university professor.

As for why he could still recognize the other person at a glance even though he graduated more than ten years ago, it's because every underachiever is terrified of the teacher who made them fail.

It belongs to the kind of existence that, even as time flies by, can still startle you awake in the middle of the night.

The old professor, who had long since switched careers to work in a research institute and was later hired as a technical advisor, didn't give their Deputy Prime Minister much face, humorously remarking, "It's precisely because I taught you that I feel not everyone is suited to be a teacher."

Everyone laughed.

Ivanov had a nickname, or rather a derogatory one, called the "3-point boy".

As is well known, the Soviet Union used a 5-point system, and 3 points was considered barely passing.

It originated from an interview Ivan conducted with his former teacher when he first became Deputy Prime Minister. The teacher complained that Ivan's grades were poor, that he was the kind of student who could only get 3 points.

This shows how dissatisfied the teaching community was with the government at the time; otherwise, even if the teachers were not good at interpersonal relationships, they would not have dared to slap the government in such a way.

Fortunately, Ivan had a good attitude. During the press conference, he apologized to his teacher, saying that it was too hard for the teacher to teach a 3-point boy like him.

Therefore, he is self-aware enough to know that he lacks the talent to become an intellectual. He is grateful that the smartest people in this country are engaged in scientific research and education.

Later, as he stabilized the economic situation and gradually restored agricultural and industrial production, his reputation grew, and the voices mocking him for only getting 3 points gradually subsided, but "3-point boy" had become his label.

Fortunately, Ivan had never cultivated a persona of a top student; he always considered himself a poor student. So, when faced with the professor's teasing, he just laughed and shook hands with him, saying, "Professor, you've worked hard. I'm so sorry, I've dashed your hopes in the field of education."

Mr. Pavlov patted him on the back and said earnestly, "It was you who, against all odds, established the national special fund, which is why the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow State University, and St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University have been able to continue their research in microelectronics. Those smart, high-achieving students have long forgotten about these things."

Ivanov knew he was referring to Gaidar and Chubais, who, during their tenure, pushed for economic reforms in Russian research institutions; simply put, they had to find ways to support themselves.

These two were recognized as being excellent in both character and academics during their student days.

But as his successor, regardless of whether he agrees with or opposes either of their political views, he cannot say anything in public.

So he simply pretended not to understand and laughed it off: "The smartest students with the best grades all become scientists. I can't be one, so I can only do some logistical support work."

Mayor Zhao of Nanshan City, who was listening nearby, sighed inwardly. No wonder Mr. Ivanov was able to become the deputy prime minister.

When she worked in the provincial government, Ivanov gave her the impression that he had nothing to do with politics, and she couldn't imagine him becoming a high-ranking government official.

But now, looking at it this way, he really is someone who can hold a position. At crucial moments, he dares to make fun of himself, humble himself, and clearly point out the role of the government in scientific research.

Unfortunately, Mayor Zhao still didn't understand Ivanov well enough.

Just three minutes ago, he was bravely making fun of himself in front of the old professor. Three minutes later, after saying goodbye to everyone and getting into the car, he started grumbling, "The professor said I'm a terrible student."

He learned the term "academic failure" from Wang Xiao, and they even coined the word "учебныйпровал" together. Before this, there was no such expression in Russian.

But he found it very amusing and would often joke about it.

Now, seeing him acting coquettishly, Wang Xiao said seriously, "Only second-rate talents can accomplish great things. Look at Operation Paperclip in the United States, which took away thousands of top military and technological talents, including Wernher von Braun. But after World War II, Germany relied on engineers and skilled workers in civilian fields such as chemical engineering and mechanical manufacturing to achieve industrial resurgence. Look at China after its reform and opening up, how many of the most famous students who went abroad came back? But China's economy still developed."

Ivanov continued to grumble, "But I'm not a second-rate talent either; I'm at best third-rate."

Wang Xiao readily agreed: "Third-rate talents determine the character and foundation of a country, and are the country's most solid reliance."

Even in broad daylight, Ivanov felt as if fireworks were blooming in the sky.

He said he loved being with the king the most, and that it always made him happy, no matter when. Because he knew that in the king's eyes, he would always be the best, the most wonderful.

Wang Xiao patted his head and gave him a piece of chewing gum.

They'll be boarding the plane soon, and chewing gum will make their ears feel a little better.

Since Nanshan City has no civilian airport, and they were too lazy to take a bus back to Shanghai, they took a military plane directly from the military airport in Nanshan.

Tsk! Doesn't that sound rather strange?

In fact, those who had been secretly watching Ivanov's trip to China immediately widened their eyes in surprise.

You, you, you, it's one thing for you to ride in a military plane.

After all, the whole world knows that in 1999, China's civil aviation industry was not doing well, and it was not uncommon for military aircraft to be leased out for civilian use.

But what were you doing going to Wuhan?

You visited a lithography machine factory in Shanghai and an optical factory in Nanshan; everyone can understand that.

After all, even if it's not publicized, everyone knows that it's actually part of your business.

What about Wuhan? What does Wuhan have to offer?

When the plane landed and the convoy took Ivanov and his entourage to Liberation Park, it was only then that a learned and determined person suddenly realized—you, you, you! I knew you Russians were coming to China; you really had ulterior motives.

What's in Liberation Park? There's a cemetery for Soviet Air Force Volunteer Corps martyrs.

During the Battle of Wuhan in 1938, many Soviet Air Force volunteers sacrificed their lives on this battlefield, and the remains of some of the martyrs were buried in the Hankou International Cemetery.

In 1956, the Wuhan Municipal People's Government relocated the remains of 15 Soviet martyrs to Liberation Park.

This was little-known fact in 1999. Thanks to movies and other artistic works, almost everyone in China knew about the Flying Tigers, but almost no one knew that the Soviet Union had begun to aid China in the early stages of the War of Resistance against Japan.

Since nobody knew about it, and it was a private trip for a Russian deputy prime minister, why would he go to all the way to Wuhan? What was he thinking?

Are they afraid everyone won't notice? The Kosovo crisis has put Russia's relationship with Europe on edge.

Although peace talks were held and a ceasefire agreement was signed, everyone with eyes could see that the war had not truly ended, and any slight disturbance could reignite it.

This crisis in the Balkans could become a thorn in the side of Russia and Europe, making the latter more wary of the former.

So even though one has energy and the other has industry, and they both need each other, they can't form an alliance right now.

In this context, Russia naturally needs to move eastward to improve its international environment.

Theoretically speaking, its proximity to Japan would make it easier to maximize its interests. However, the problem lies in the fact that the issue of the Southern Kuril Islands (known as the Northern Territories by Japan) has prevented the two countries from signing a peace treaty, thus limiting the further development of relations.

Moreover, Japan has to be mindful of the United States' stance, and the United States would never allow Russia and Japan to form an alliance.

Therefore, China has become Russia's best option at present.

So how can these two countries express their closeness to each other after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when they no longer share a common ideology?

Of course, we went through the anti-fascist war together.

Ivan guessed people would start speculating, but when he decided to come and pay his respects, he genuinely hadn't thought that far ahead. He simply felt he should come and see for himself.

He was even a little ashamed, because he had been to Wuhan before, and he had even eaten Wuhan-style duck necks and listened to people sing at the night market.

But at that time he really didn't know that his ancestors were buried on this land.

He only heard about it by chance a few months ago.

Now that he has the opportunity to visit China, he has no reason not to pay his respects and offer a bouquet of flowers.

Wang Xiao followed him, feeling even more ashamed than he did. Because before she transmigrated, information was already so readily available, yet she also didn't know that there was a Soviet Air Force martyrs' cemetery in Liberation Park in Wuhan.

Just as the two finished their memorial service and were about to leave, the official in charge of the relevant department quickly found a way to squeeze next to Wang Xiao and present her with the certificate of honor.

What kind of certificate of honor? A certificate of honor for funding the renovation of the Soviet Air Force Martyrs' Cemetery, I suppose.

After receiving Ivanov's call for verification, Wang Xiao sent people to conduct an on-site investigation.

The tomb was actually well maintained at the time, but it was only routinely maintained; there was no repair.

Wang Xiao felt this wouldn't do, so he simply spent 100,000 yuan to repair the tombstone, gilding the large characters on the tombstone and replacing the stone with the martyr's name.

That's why the park officials wanted to personally present her with the certificate of honor.

Wang Xiao did not refuse and accepted the certificate. Seeing that the other party still had no intention of leaving, she took the initiative to ask, "Is there anything else?"

The young woman in charge was a little embarrassed because she had to keep her palms up: "Mr. Wang... I'd like to ask if you'd be interested in sponsoring another martyrs' cemetery?"

Wang Xiao was taken aback: "Are there still Soviet martyrs' cemeteries in Wuhan?"

"No, no, no." The little girl blushed and stammered, "It's the cemetery for martyrs of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, in Chibi, and it hasn't been renovated for many years."

As soon as she saw a leader approaching, the young woman's expression became visibly flustered.

Wang Xiao sighed inwardly, knowing why the other party was afraid. Her actions had clearly violated foreign affairs regulations.

Wang Xiao could understand why she was taking such a big risk, because right now, money was scarce everywhere. The growing pains of state-owned enterprise reform were sweeping across the entire country, especially traditional industrial hubs like Wuhan and its surrounding areas.

Local governments are short of money and cannot afford to spend it.

So they had no choice but to find a way to raise money from outside.

Wang Xiao patted her hand, signaling her assistant to follow: "Go over there and tell this gentleman the details."

When it was lunchtime, the assistant returned and quietly reported the situation.

There used to be a Yangloudong Anti-American War Martyrs Cemetery in Chibi City. Because it had not been repaired for a long time, it is now overgrown with weeds and some of the tombstones have broken and collapsed. It is in urgent need of repair.

Wang Xiao was puzzled when she heard this: "Why was he buried in Hubei?"

She knew there were cemeteries for martyrs of the Korean War in Northeast China, and that was perfectly normal; they were simply buried nearby.

How far is Hubei from the battlefield? Why were people buried here, all this way?

The assistant explained, "There used to be a No. 67 Reserve Hospital here, which treated many wounded soldiers from the Korean War. More than 100 of them were so badly injured that they were buried here."

Wang Xiao fell silent instantly.

Ivanov asked her cautiously, "What's wrong?"

He was indeed trying to learn Chinese whenever he had a spare moment, but his Chinese level was far from being able to understand other people's daily conversations, let alone have a proper conversation.

Wang Xiao sighed and quietly recounted the whole story.

Afterwards, she sighed with emotion, "Conditions were really bad back then."

Why send someone all the way from Northeast China to Hubei? It's not because the railway is convenient, nor because there are hot springs here that are good for recuperation. Doesn't Northeast China have hot springs? It's not like she hasn't soaked in hot springs there before.

This is because of the scarcity of medical resources; there are not many hospitals in Northeast China and its surrounding areas.

Otherwise, no matter how developed the railway network was, how long would it have taken to transport these wounded soldiers with the train speeds of the 1950s? If there had been enough hospitals and medical resources in Northeast China at that time, the wounded soldiers could have received timely treatment, and perhaps the number of martyrs who died from their injuries would have been greatly reduced.

Ivan didn't know how to comfort her. Before life itself, words are pale and powerless.

He thought for a moment and then offered, "Should we go over and see them? Perhaps we could bring them a wreath?"

Wang Xiao thought for a moment, then shook her head and refused: "If you go, they'll definitely have to prepare. It's so hot, don't add to their workload."

After all, Wuhan is a city without spring or autumn, and it's known as a furnace.

In September, they felt like they were about to get heatstroke after standing in the sun for only a short time.

Let's do something practical and donate some money to renovate the martyrs' cemetery.

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Note: Regarding the production situation of the two Russian chip factories in 1999, well, there is relatively little information, so some of the content mentioned in the article is speculation. Angstrem's main product in 1999, the H1806VM2, had a maximum of only 1500 transistors, a transistor density far below the conventional level of 0.35-micron process chips. Therefore, it is speculated that its mainstream chip manufacturing process at that time was most likely 0.5 microns.

In addition, although the Soviet Union achieved leading research results in cutting-edge fields such as EUV lithography in its later period, such as publishing EUV lithography research results earlier than the United States and developing related multilayer mirror manufacturing technology, most of these remained in the laboratory and technology verification stage. Before they could be transformed into mature equipment that could be mass-produced, the Soviet Union collapsed, so there was no way to talk about mass production of lithography machines.

In reality, although China had developed prototype equipment such as step-by-step projection lithography machines as early as the 1980s, the research and development results were difficult to transform into mature mass-produced products due to the weak downstream application market for semiconductors. Moreover, Shanghai Microelectronics, which undertook the core task of developing domestic lithography machines, was only formally established in 2003, and in 1999 there was not even a company specializing in leading the mass production of front-end lithography machines.

In addition to the 15 martyrs mentioned in the article, the names of 14 more martyrs were added to the tombstones of the Soviet Air Force martyrs in Liberation Park in 2015 after research by China and Russia. The Soviet Air Force Volunteer Corps Martyrs' Cemetery in Liberation Park is a first-batch cultural relic protection unit in Hubei Province and also a national key cultural relic protection unit (the eighth batch).

There is a cemetery for martyrs who fought in the Korean War in Hubei Province, namely the Yangloudong Martyrs Cemetery in Chibi City.

The cemetery is located at the foot of Desheng Mountain in Yangloudong Village, Zhaoliqiao Town, Chibi City. From May 1951, it served as the site of the 67th Reserve Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. The hospital treated over 3,000 wounded soldiers of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War, and 142 soldiers succumbed to their injuries and are now buried here. The cemetery mainly includes a martyrs' monument, a martyrs' memorial square, a martyrs' memorial hall, and a cluster of martyrs' tombs.

Since its formation in the 1950s, this cemetery has suffered from natural wear and tear due to a lack of dedicated maintenance over a long period, but it has been protected by local villagers on their own initiative. In 1981, the Chibi Civil Affairs Bureau allocated funds to build a wall around the cemetery to further ensure its preservation. When retired police officer Yu Fahai visited the cemetery in 2005, he found it overgrown with weeds, the tombstones covered in moss and dust, and some tombstones broken and collapsed.