Chapter 521 The One and Only Treasure: A Gift Delivered to Your Door

Ivanov can proudly say that he is a great treasure.

Otherwise, why would his elegant leopard queen continue to play with his chest hair with relish after he had eaten his fill?

How could he not be a treasure? He is a treasure from which Wang Yongyuan can find all sorts of fun.

Whether it's his hands, his ears, or his body hair, Wang can play with them repeatedly and have a great time.

At first, he thought it was a hint of "one more," but later he realized that she just wanted to have fun.

How can this not be considered a rare talent? Look, he is the king's greatest treasure.

Now, Wang Ye was playing with his chest hair while casually talking about her extreme ultraviolet lithography project.

Well, Ivanov has to admit that he didn't actually understand.

As a straightforward and honest academic underachiever, he didn't even know what extreme ultraviolet radiation was, let alone what the university research institutes and research centers were good at and how they divided their work.

After listening for a while, his only question was: "Why don't we do it ourselves?"

So far, Wang has only mentioned providing technical support in the specific field of extreme ultraviolet lithography, and has not mentioned building lithography machines at all.

This isn't like the king at all. The king has always been the type to build bridges and forge roads himself when there's no way forward. That's his personality!

Upon hearing this, Wang Xiao couldn't even continue playing with his chest hair. He let out a long, soul-searching sigh: "It's impossible. Our current industrial chain is too weak, lacking an industrial ecosystem capable of supporting such a complex equipment manufacturing. Moreover, our experience is too shallow. If we try to force our way in, we won't succeed."

How difficult is it to build an extreme ultraviolet lithography machine? Even with all the technological breakthroughs China had made before she transmigrated, they still hadn't been able to build one.

Ivan's poor academic performance limited his thinking; he couldn't even imagine how to do something he didn't even know.

But he knew the king; the king was never one to give up easily.

Sure enough, the next second, Wang Xiao started grinding his teeth: "I'm thinking about whether we should cooperate with Nikon or Canon in the future?"

Ivan was a little drowsy. It's only natural for a slacker to doze off in class, especially now that he was in a state of reverie.

But when he heard the names Nikon and Canon, he immediately perked up: "A collaboration with Japan? Are they making extreme ultraviolet lithography machines?"

To be honest, although their early LCD screen technology came from Japan, and they were the first to make lithography machines, they also recruited engineers from Japan with high salaries; otherwise, they would not have known where to start.

The problem is that Japanese engineers are Japanese engineers, and Japanese companies are Japanese companies.

It's possible to transfer outdated production lines to industry giants like Nikon and Canon, but collaborating with them on joint development? Something just doesn't feel right.

Wang Xiao started playing with Ivanov's hand again, placing one finger on top of the other and then shaking it, saying casually, "The enemy of my enemy is my friend. The EUV LLC alliance was established a few years ago, and the US excluded Japanese companies from it. This was a complete strategic strike. How could Nikon and Canon be happy about it? How could they not feel threatened? We are all in the same boat, so we have a common emotional and interest bond, which gives us the opportunity to sit down and talk."

Ivan thought about it and realized that it did seem to make sense.

In fact, if we set aside our prejudices and analyze the situation rationally, tripartite cooperation is currently the most suitable solution to break through the EUV LLC alliance's blockade.

Because the three are highly complementary.

Japan, needless to say, is a leader in lithography machines and holds a world-leading position in precision optics, precision mechanics, materials science, and mechatronics. Nikon and Canon's lens technology and platform stability are also globally leading.

Even if Ivan is a poor student who can only remember a few points after looking at a stack of materials, he cannot deny Japan's unique advantages.

As for his homeland Russia, like Belarus, it has the foundation of deep ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet optical designs inherited from the Soviet Union.

Although he couldn't understand the optical formulas and mirror design experience accumulated over many years, even when the documents were presented to him, he knew they were unique treasures. Otherwise, why would companies in Europe and America be willing to spend large sums to invite people with these technologies to work for them?

In addition, they also have top-notch physicists, chemists, and mathematicians.

Ivan had always believed that engineers were the key to industrial progress, but he later realized just how important basic theoretical research was. The latter is the cornerstone.

As for China, one of the three entities in this triangle, its main support comes from huge market expectations and rapidly growing engineering implementation capabilities.

Indeed, China possesses an incredible power; they can turn anything written down into reality.

If these three elements are combined, it might just be a path to heaven.

Ivan immediately perked up and eagerly asked, "Should we look for Nikon or Canon first? What are Nikon's strengths? And what are Canon's strengths?"

He only knew that these two companies were both giants in lithography machines, but he didn't know their respective strengths. Since they could coexist peacefully (probably, since he hadn't heard of them fighting), they must each have their own expertise.

Wang Xiao is able to answer that question.

Nikon is known as the ivory tower of precision optics. Its unparalleled lenses and optical systems are said to be unmatched in the world, and its powerful overall system integration capabilities are also difficult for later entrants to match.

Therefore, it is the absolute leader in the high-end technology field.

Canon didn't engage in a direct confrontation because it took a different approach, focusing on reliability, cost-effectiveness, and market segmentation.

Simply put, Canon is a pragmatic mass-production company operating in mature markets.

Even now, while everyone is busy seeking breakthroughs in the field of lithography machines, Canon's focus is on mature technologies such as i-line and KrF, refining these technologies to be extremely stable and cost-effective.

Even if they don't get to be the first to try something new, they can still leverage their efficient improvement and optimization capabilities to make a relatively mature technology extremely stable and commercially viable.

Isn't this a victory in another sense?

Collaborating with these two lithography machine giants has its advantages, and the advantages are different. Ideally, they should be all in one go.

Ivanov never thought Wang Xiao was greedy, and upon hearing this, he said without hesitation, "Then let's pack it all up."

The way they say that makes it sound like they're just two dishes on their dinner table.

Wang Xiao sighed and shook his head regretfully, saying, "We cannot act rashly."

She counted on Ivanov's fingers and gave him two reasons.

The first point is that the United States will block it.

The rise of Japanese semiconductors is a painful chapter in American history. It not only caused economic distress but also severely damaged America's sense of honor and self-esteem.

Therefore, the US's containment and suppression of Japanese semiconductors is entirely in line with US interests and is a politically correct act that enjoys widespread public support.

The EUV LLC alliance is excluding Japan to derail its rapid development of lithography machines, thus gradually crippling Japan's semiconductor industry.

Given this major premise, as long as the United States realizes that Japan is getting involved with other forces and attempting to break through the restrictions of the EUV LLC alliance, the United States certainly cannot sit idly by.

If it can't control China and Russia, can't it control Japan?

It will exert the power of long-arm jurisdiction and put strong pressure on Japan.

Wang Xiao held up Ivan's fingers one by one: "Exerting pressure through diplomatic channels is one aspect."

"On the other hand, Japanese lithography machines also rely heavily on American components and technical support. I've seen the materials they gave me; the seed technology for the light source and the control software are basically all from the United States. If the United States cuts off supplies, Japanese lithography machine manufacturers will be paralyzed."

"In addition, the Export Administration Regulations are still in place, which put cooperative projects on the Entity List, making it impossible for any participating party to use American technology. That ties everyone's hands and feet, making it impossible for them to move at all."

In this situation, can Japan withstand the pressure?

Wang Xiao didn't have much hope for it.

This is because Japan's lithography machine industry relies far more on the US market than on the Russian and Chinese markets.

Neither Nikon nor Canon, as long-established and large-scale rational companies, would risk their entire survival for an uncertain future.

Moreover, if Japan were to choose to break ties with the United States rather than cooperate with China and Russia, especially in 1999 when the Kosovo crisis broke out, its actions would be seen as a betrayal of the entire Western world.

By doing so, it is very likely to become isolated in the global supply chain.

When the risks and benefits are disproportionate, who would risk their future?

Ivan felt sorry for Japan.

It wants to play with the United States, but the United States not only refuses to play with it, it also forbids it from playing with others.

Unfortunately, it cannot refuse the arrangements made by the United States.

Suddenly, Ivan slid down and hugged Wang Xiao tightly, looking at her with teary eyes: "I'm sorry to have wronged you."

Even with Wang Xiao's quick thinking, he couldn't keep up with his thought process.

What's there to feel wronged about? They were just talking about Japan's dilemma. How did it become her feeling wronged?

Ivanov's eyes widened in disbelief. How could he not feel aggrieved? Wang had finally come up with a way to bypass the EUV LLC alliance and define a set of "non-American" EUV technology standards.

Now that things can't be pushed back, why isn't Wang feeling aggrieved?

Wang Xiao held his big head, both amused and exasperated. In the end, she could only give him two big kisses before trying to coax him: "It's not like we can't do it. We can cooperate in a low-key way, under the guise of basic scientific research, and conduct academic exchanges. We won't make the whole machine; we'll start with the sub-modules."

Before she went to Russia, the engineers at the lithography machine factory had already met and determined the general direction of cooperation.

For example, the ultra-precision bearings and guide rails of the mask stage and the workpiece stage.

For example, surface treatment technology for special materials inside vacuum chambers, and specific sensor technology used for optical detection.

What does "Don't ask" mean?

Boss Wang did hear their detailed explanations, but she's long forgotten them now. In fact, she can't even remember the names of these technologies.

All she knew was that as long as she dug diligently with the shovel, there would always be her bricks in the corner.

However, Ivan still felt wronged for her. Those damn Americans were too domineering, acting as if the world revolved around them.

Wang Xiao coaxed him softly, "We can't start full-scale cooperation right now."

Why? Because they are too weak right now.

Cooperation must be between equals; otherwise, it's like offering up a blood donation.

Given the current strength of the three parties in lithography, Japan is undoubtedly the leader.

Japan isn't exactly known for sharing either. It would be strange if it didn't take advantage of its strength to use Russia as a technology blood bank and China as a dumping ground for its products.

"So we need to pool our strength now." Wang Xiao stroked Ivan's big head and said softly, "My plan is to first achieve a breakthrough in immersion lithography machines, so that we can make our voice heard in the world lithography machine market. As one gains, the other loses, and at that time, both Nikon and Canon will inevitably be hit. Our strength is growing, and theirs is flowing, so that everyone's strength can achieve a certain balance, and we can further deepen our cooperation."

Ivan felt a little better and said confidently, "Then we'll definitely be able to achieve it soon."

Wang Xiao touched his handsome eyebrows and eyes, and nodded affirmatively: "Yes, it's good that you have confidence."

Hey, it's not that simple.

Before she started, she thought it would be quite simple, but after she started, she realized that lithography machines were a real pitfall.

Since we've already fallen into the pit, let's keep digging. Unearthing an underground kingdom might just be a new world.

Boss Wang patted the back of the beauty in his arms: "Alright, alright, go to sleep."

Go to sleep, go to sleep, there's a ton of work waiting for you tomorrow.

This time, she personally went to Russia, not only for extreme ultraviolet lithography, but also for an important task: copper interconnects.

If the former is like a white moonlight, then the latter is like the white rice that must be in their bowl.

You'll get hungry if you can't eat.

The next morning, Wang Xiao ate oatmeal and rice porridge with fried egg and bread slices. Feeling full, he strode confidently to 28 Vavilov Street.

After the Institute of Organic Elements and Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences was established in 1954, it remained based in Moscow for a long time and did not move to other places, which made it convenient for Wang Xiao and his group to move around.

Ivan had already given instructions yesterday, and since Mr. Wang came with money to seek cooperation, the research institute was quite enthusiastic.

They welcome cooperation.

When research funding is tight, the more collaborations there are, the greater the momentum that research can make.

In recent years, they have been able to maintain the operation of the entire research institute by participating in EU research programs, collaborating with science foundations in Switzerland, Germany and other countries, and receiving special domestic funding.

The institute is located in Moscow’s famous Science City area, which is surrounded by many other institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Wang Xiao believes that if foreign tourists accidentally wander into this place and cannot understand Russian, they are very likely to get lost.

Because these buildings are mostly typical of late Soviet architecture, each with sharp lines, they exude a cold and austere feel even though it's neither windy nor snowy today.

She got out of the car, and the deputy director of the research institute was already waiting at the bottom of the steps. He quickly stepped forward, smiled, and shook hands with her: "Welcome, Miss Wang. We all look forward to cooperating with you."

She was a famous benefactor; she and her fiancé, Mr. Ivanov, were known for their lavish spending on the scientific community.

As the Vice Premier, the latter has been trying every means to secure research funding for the scientific community and has done his utmost to improve living conditions for everyone.

The former is a well-known wealthy person who is very willing to spend money when starting a project.

This is the most desirable type of institution for research institutes.

Wang Xiao smiled and shook hands with him, then introduced the team behind him to Deputy Director Vronsky.

Old Zhou grasped Deputy Director Volonsky's hand tightly, beaming with smiles, and said, "Sir, it's a pleasure to see you again. When I came here for a meeting in September, I had the privilege of listening to your and Professor Bubnov's reports, and I benefited greatly from them."

Vronsky raised his eyebrows in surprise, then beamed. "Really? That would be my honor."

From September 6th to 10th this year, their institute hosted an international conference entitled "Perspectives on Organic and Organic Element Chemistry" to commemorate its founder, Academician A.N. Nesmyanov, former president of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

This was a grand event that the institute hadn't held in many years, attracting 455 scientists from more than ten countries around the world. Its success demonstrates that the institute's international standing and influence remain intact.

Now, the scientists who attended the conference have returned to Moscow and praised their meeting, which is a great comfort to Vronsky, who has been busy for months.

He explained to the guests with a smile, "Our Director Bubnov has gone to a meeting. Miss Wang, you surely know that we have to fight for heating allowances every winter."

This is the invisible form of alms-begging.

When Mr. Wang is generous, he is never stingy. He smiled and nodded, saying, "I hope I can have the honor of contributing to the scientists at the research institute."

Vronsky grinned from ear to ear, a stark contrast to the usual coldness of Russians.

In fact, these deputy directors in charge of daily administrative work are all very adept at managing their affairs; otherwise, where would they get funding from?

He nodded repeatedly: "I knew that Deputy Prime Minister Ivanov called us to try and secure an opportunity for us."

Everyone laughed.

In this cheerful atmosphere, everyone walked across the badly worn marble floor, completely ignoring the cracks and stains on the beige walls.

Since the hallway is poorly lit and dimly lit, we can just pretend we didn't see anything.

Wang Xiao looked around curiously, listened with great interest to Deputy Director Vronsky's introduction, and then exclaimed, "Sir, you are really amazing, you are developing so well."

Vronsky felt like he was being flattered and said with a wry smile, "Madam, you are truly a kind angel. We are just barely holding on."

Wang Xiao shook his head: "You are too modest. If the research institute were not thriving, how could it have so many young scientists? As we all know, an industry that can attract a large number of young people must be a booming industry."

Old Zhou nodded vigorously beside him: "Yes, yes, yes. At the last meeting, many of your outstanding young scientists gave reports, and I found them very inspiring."

Wollensky was momentarily at a loss for whether to laugh or cry.

Why is the proportion of young scientists increasing? Isn't that because after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a large number of top scientists and key personnel from research institutes left?

People strive for better things, just as water flows downhill; everyone wants to work towards a better life, which is perfectly understandable.

But the research institute can't just close down because of this. Besides recruiting new people and training them themselves, they don't have any other good options.

As for why they were given such important roles at such a crucial international conference, it was to demonstrate to our international counterparts: Look, we have young people, a large number of vibrant young people.

It is an internationally accepted practice that young people are always the best laborers in the laboratory, and the young people in our research institute are even cheaper.

So come and cooperate with us! We can help you control costs and achieve your goals with less money and faster speed.

Now, being praised by guests from China has ironically become strong evidence of their talent development strategy.

Even Deputy Director Vronsky felt ashamed to accept this honor.

So he could only laugh it off: "We do indeed attach great importance to the cultivation of young scientific research talents."

He thought for a moment and added, "Just as your great leader said, the world belongs to us, but it will eventually belong to you. You are the sun at eight or nine in the morning, and the future always belongs to the young."

Tsk, those words immediately commanded respect from everyone present.

Look, this is the attitude you should have when seeking investment and partnerships.

That old Russian, because he had to entertain Chinese guests, could even recite famous Chinese sayings off the top of his head.

Who wouldn't be happy to hear that? This is someone expressing how much they value you.

Wang Xiao also admired Deputy Director Vronsky's abilities; he was flexible, adaptable, and capable of both promotion and demotion—truly a talented individual.

She smiled and nodded: "So I have full confidence in our cooperation."

Since the client had already expressed interest in cooperation, Deputy Director Vronsky naturally didn't mince words and asked directly: "Madam, Mr. Ivanov spoke rather broadly yesterday. I wonder what specific areas of cooperation you require? Our current main focus is on the directed synthesis of organic elements and organometallic compounds, the structure and properties of high-molecular-weight organic elements and organometallic compounds, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis, and the research and development of new materials, including nanocomposite materials."

Fearing that his research institute might not win the bid, he specifically emphasized, "Of course, if it's something else, you can just make your requests, and we might be able to meet them."

Wang Xiao really couldn't keep talking, mainly because those nouns, especially when expressed in Russian, were quite difficult to understand. She was afraid that if she made a mistake, she would embarrass herself.

So, professionals do what they do best, and Lao Zhou, who is fluent in Russian, immediately became the boss's mouthpiece.

"We hope to use your experience in the synthesis of polysilsesquioxanes and their derivatives to develop new spin-coated low-k materials."

This wasn't Vronsky's research area, so he pulled a young man in his 30s out of the lab and had them communicate face-to-face.

The young researcher had messy hair, dark circles under his eyes that almost reached his cheekbones, and he was yawning as he spoke.

However, he still gave an affirmative answer: "Yes, by introducing organic groups such as methyl and phenyl groups into the molecular backbone, nanoscale pores can be created inside the material, which can effectively reduce the k value."

Although Ms. Wang didn't fully understand what to do, it didn't stop her from asking, "How do you guarantee its stability? It must be able to withstand the subsequent CMP and packaging processes."

The researcher yawned again, looking like he was about to close his eyes: "We just need to solve the inherent problems of weak mechanical strength and water absorption in porous materials."

Another older researcher, who was also recruited, added: "Actually, if we want to make low-k media, we can consider MOFs or MOF-like materials. Our institute has a deep understanding of organometallic chemistry."

What is MOF? In Chinese, it is called porous metal-organic framework.

Do you know what that means? Boss Wang certainly doesn't.

Don't bother explaining the terms to her; it's pointless.

All she knew was that her professional team and the researchers opposite them had already begun a lively exchange.

This is a real exchange, a serious academic exchange, not the kind where you insult each other's parents.

As Lao Zhou finished speaking, his face flushed, he turned around and directly suggested to the boss: "Let's build a joint laboratory for interconnect materials, so that process integration engineers and synthetic chemists from the research institute can work together, thus achieving a seamless connection from molecular structure design to electrical performance testing."

Mr. Wang felt that Mr. Zhou was really lucky to have chosen the right profession; he was glad he hadn't become a salesman.

Otherwise, with his sales skills, he'd be left with nothing but the wind.

What does it mean to go from molecular structure design to electrical performance testing?

What exactly is going to happen? You haven't explained it clearly.

It was only because she was such a tolerant and forgiving boss that she nodded and said, "Then let's set up a laboratory."

Deputy Director Vronsky is practically begging for God's approval; he really is a rich man, so generous.

They've only exchanged a few words, and they already have a lab.

He quickly pressed his advantage: "Is there anything else you need? We can do that too."

Wang Xiao is willing to cooperate more with others, because it's better to do what you know well than what you don't. The more projects you cooperate on, the easier it is to coordinate with each other.

Otherwise, your project might have great results, and that project might also have great results, but there will be problems when it comes to compatibility between the two.

Unfortunately, she could only shake her head: "For the others, we need to contact the Institute of Optics. Currently, it's popular internationally to conduct research on extreme ultraviolet radiation, and we want to learn about that."

Deputy Director Vronsky beamed: "Extreme ultraviolet lithography, you know that too. Although we don't work with extreme ultraviolet light, we can work with photoresists. Madam, extreme ultraviolet lithography places unprecedented demands on photoresists, and traditional photochemical systems are approaching their physical limits."

He enthusiastically promoted himself, saying, "Our institute has unparalleled capabilities in the synthesis of organotin, organoantimony, organohafnium, and other organometallic compounds. We can develop novel metal oxide-based EUV photoresists. This type of material has extremely high EUV photon absorption efficiency and the potential for high sensitivity, high resolution, and low line edge roughness."

Seeing that the wealthy man showed neither excitement nor agitation, and fearing that the man might not be interested, he pressed on, "If you feel this is not suitable, we can also develop a spin-coated carbon underlayer for EUV lithography, which has excellent etching resistance, planarization ability, and compatibility with photoresist. Our polymer synthesis technology can play a positive role in this regard."

Haha, how should Boss Wang react?

Can she say that she doesn't understand most of the technical terms at all?

If she had to use one word to describe her feelings at this moment, it would be "unfathomable yet awe-inspiring".

But Boss Wang couldn't reveal her vulnerability, so she could only remain calm and ask, "So, how would you like us to cooperate?"

Deputy Director Vronsky was quite practical: "You need to provide EUV exposure testing channels and performance evaluation standards. Our institute is responsible for synthesizing and screening thousands of candidate compounds."

Wang Xiao was almost unable to control himself from putting his hand to his forehead.

Oh dear, how do I find this exposure test channel? She doesn't even know this performance evaluation standard.

Fortunately, the boss brought a technical team, and someone immediately chimed in: "Then you're going to cooperate with IMEC in Belgium. We're going to start a project with them in this area."

Wollensky smiled broadly: "No problem, we will definitely do our best."

So even though the boss didn't understand much from the beginning and was completely ignorant of the key technologies, it didn't prevent the two parties from reaching a preliminary agreement and preparing to further discuss how to cooperate in detail.

Wollensky readily agreed: "Let's have a meal together, a simple home-cooked meal, please do me the honor."

Wang Xiao wasn't really interested in eating; she was quite picky and didn't have much faith in the Russian food offered by the research institute.

But since the atmosphere has reached this point, it's time to have a meal together.

She nodded: "Then I'll have to trouble you."

The assistant had already received the boss's message and quietly slipped away.

Nothing much, just preparing an extra meal, bringing over a few main dishes and a few bottles of wine, as a gesture of reciprocity and to express gratitude for the institute's hospitality.

That way, if the food at the research institute is too bad, the boss won't go hungry.

The group walked towards the entrance of the research institute with smiles on their faces. Their new canteen was near the gate, and there was also a smaller research institute nearby that ate there.

Just as I was about to reach the gate, two men in overcoats walked into the research institute almost side by side.

Old Zhou, quick-witted and agile, waved and greeted from afar: "Professor Bubnov."

It turned out that the director had returned.

But then the wind picked up, and because of the wind direction, the director didn't hear anyone greeting him. Instead, his conversation with the man next to him drifted towards Wang Xiao and the others.

Professor Bubnov's voice was quite stern: "Do you really think this is so good, my friend? I know you've made a lot of money in America, and you're now a standard middle-class person. But you used to be the head of the research institute, the leader of an entire team. Now you're just a senior employee; you can't decide the direction of research, and you have no decision-making power. What about your professional achievements? Tell me, where are your professional achievements?"

People who were heading to the cafeteria quickly stopped in their tracks, wishing they could just disappear on the spot.

Because it's an awkward situation.

It was obvious that the man speaking with Professor Bubnov was also originally a Russian scientist. He was probably doing well in the United States, yet he still received harsh criticism from his old friend.

Wang Xiao asked Lao Zhou in a low voice, "What's wrong with him?"

Old Zhou replied quietly in Chinese, "Sugarcane with all the juice squeezed out."

Many Soviet scientists went to Europe and America.

There are indeed people who do well in these fields, because of theoretical physics, mathematics, and basic science. Knowledge in these fields is universal and not bound by ideology or engineering systems.

Scientific research is very intellectually demanding. Those with the ability can certainly thrive anywhere.

However, in fields such as applied physics, aerospace, military industry, nuclear physics, and laser technology, the knowledge possessed by Soviet experts had extremely high strategic value.

But they are merely the carriers of technology.

Once the knowledge in their minds is absorbed, digested, and integrated into the existing R&D system by Western teams, their individual indispensability will decrease dramatically.

What follows is a decline in status.

This is not surprising. You have left your system, so you can no longer imagine that you can still be a national science and technology elite with glory and authority.

Seeing his boss still staring blankly at the scientist who had returned from visiting relatives in the United States, Lao Zhou sighed inwardly, thinking that his boss was still too soft-hearted. Everyone has to be responsible for their own choices.

Unbeknownst to him, Boss Wang's eyes had already begun to light up.

Yes, returning scientists, returning Soviet scientists.

They are among the very few people in the world who have experienced both the Soviet planned research system and the Western market-driven R&D system in great depth.

This dual experience constitutes their irreplaceable core competitiveness.

Recruiting them will bring unexpected benefits.

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Another day of successfully coaxing myself to keep writing.