Therefore, when selecting and using grenades, comprehensive consideration should be given to actual needs and battlefield environment.
Armor-piercing rounds do play a vital role in modern warfare. They are specifically designed to strike highly protected targets such as tanks, armored vehicles, and other heavily armored targets. As military technology continues to develop, armor-piercing rounds are also constantly evolving to cope with increasingly enhanced armor protection.
Armor-piercing rounds are typically kinetic projectiles, whose striking power depends primarily on the projectile's strength, weight, and velocity. Modern armor-piercing rounds typically feature a sharp nose and a slender body, constructed from high-strength materials such as steel alloys and depleted uranium alloys to ensure they maintain sufficient strength and penetrating power upon impact.
Armor-piercing rounds have high muzzle velocity, long range, high accuracy, strong penetration, and excellent aftereffects. They are widely used in a variety of weapon systems, including anti-tank guns, tank guns, aircraft guns, anti-aircraft guns, naval guns, and coastal artillery, and are the primary ammunition type for these guns.
The main types of armor-piercing rounds include conventional armor-piercing rounds, high-explosive rounds, and hollow-charge high-explosive rounds. Conventional armor-piercing rounds rely on the kinetic energy and strength of the projectile to penetrate armor, while high-speed metal jets generated by the detonation of the explosive charge damage the armor. Hollow-charge high-explosive rounds combine the characteristics of both armor-piercing and high-explosive rounds, possessing both armor-piercing capabilities and the ability to produce an explosive effect after penetrating the armor.
Armor fragmentation rounds are indirect-action munitions that explode within tank armor, producing high-velocity fragments that inflict severe damage to the interior. The effectiveness of an armor fragmentation round depends primarily on its charge, detonation method, and the quantity and quality of the fragments produced. Because it doesn't rely on direct armor penetration, it's insensitive to armor angle and can effectively damage armor even at a certain angle.
Armor-piercing rounds, on the other hand, are direct-action ammunition, using their exceptionally high penetration capability to penetrate tank armor directly. These rounds are typically made of hard metals such as tungsten, steel, or other alloys to ensure they maintain sufficient strength and penetrating power upon impact. The penetration capability of an armor-piercing round is closely related to the projectile's shape, material, and firing angle. Therefore, when using an armor-piercing round, precise calculation of firing angle and distance is crucial to ensure the projectile accurately impacts the target and achieves maximum penetration.
In practice, the choice between armor-piercing and fragmentation rounds is often based on specific battlefield conditions and target types. For example, when engaging highly protected tanks, armor-piercing rounds may be more advantageous, while when engaging targets with less armor, fragmentation rounds may be more effective. Furthermore, these two types of ammunition can be used in combination to achieve even greater destructive effects.
Anti-tank missiles (ATGMs) are high-precision missile systems designed specifically to strike tanks and other armored vehicles at long ranges. Unlike traditional armor-piercing and armor-fragmenting projectiles, ATGMs utilize advanced guidance technology, capable of locking onto targets and autonomous navigation, enabling them to precisely strike targets in complex electromagnetic environments.
Anti-tank missiles typically use wired guidance, semi-active guidance, or automatic homing guidance. With wired guidance, the missile is connected to the shooter's controller via a wire, allowing the shooter to adjust the missile's flight trajectory in real time until it hits the target. With semi-active guidance, after launch, the missile uses an automatic seeker to autonomously fly toward the target, while the shooter can also make certain corrections using the controller. With automatic homing, the missile completely autonomously finds and locks onto the target. The shooter simply sets the launch parameters, and the missile completes its mission independently.
The guidance system of anti-tank missiles usually uses infrared, laser, millimeter wave and other sensors, which can accurately identify and lock onto the target. Once the target is locked, the missile will fly along the optimal path to the target and detonate the warhead when it approaches the target to destroy or damage the target.
Anti-tank missiles (ATGMs) are widely used in modern warfare due to their high precision, long range, and powerful destructive power. They can be deployed on ground, air, and naval platforms, providing the military with a powerful anti-armor capability. However, with the continuous advancement of armor technology, ATGMs also need to be constantly updated to cope with the increasing protection provided by armor.
The power evaluation of an armor-piercing projectile mainly depends on its penetration ability, explosive power, and wounding effect. The comprehensive performance of these aspects determines the actual effectiveness of the armor-piercing projectile on the battlefield.
First, penetration is a core metric for measuring armor-piercing projectile performance. It determines whether the ammunition can successfully penetrate enemy armor and, in turn, pose a threat to targets within. Penetration is typically closely related to factors such as ammunition type, charge, and firing angle. For example, a core made of hard metal provides better penetration, while an appropriate firing angle can also help improve penetration.
Secondly, explosive power refers to the destructive effect produced by an armor-piercing projectile upon impact. When an armor-piercing projectile successfully penetrates the armor and reaches the target's interior, the detonation of the projectile generates a powerful shock wave and high-velocity fragments, further damaging the target. The magnitude of the explosive power depends on factors such as the charge, detonation method, and the surrounding environment. In some cases, the explosive power can even exceed the penetration capability itself, resulting in a devastating blow to the target.
Finally, the wounding effect is the degree of damage an armor-piercing round inflicts on the occupants of a vehicle. In addition to physically damaging the armor, an armor-piercing round must also inflict sufficient damage to the occupants to reduce the enemy's combat effectiveness. The wounding effect depends primarily on the type of ammunition and its charge. For example, some armor-piercing rounds may be equipped with special anti-personnel agents or fragmentation designs to increase the damage effect on personnel. Indeed, different types of armor-piercing rounds have their own unique characteristics and advantages, so their selection and use require comprehensive consideration based on actual needs. The following are some factors that may influence the selection of armor-piercing rounds:
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