It's like how we have a lunar base now, but America doesn't.
The main participants in the International Space Station program are the countries and alliances mentioned above.
However, Russia withdrew from the International Space Station project as early as 2022.
Russia first raised the issue of withdrawing from the International Space Station in 2021.
The main reason for Russia's withdrawal from the International Space Station was the sanctions imposed by America on Russia's Progress Rocket and Space Center and the Central Machine Building Research Institute.
Since China's Tiangong series space stations have already been built, Russia is thinking that it would be better to cooperate with China.
The two sides have already engaged in effective cooperation in the fields of biological storage and large-scale quantum accelerators.
The subsequent events unfolded even faster than Russia itself made its pronouncements.
Russia said it would withdraw from the International Space Station program in 2025, but it withdrew from the International Space Station in 2022 and then reached a cooperation agreement with SA at the end of 2022.
Once China's lunar base is completed, not only Russia, but other countries with astronauts will want to join in the fun.
Sending someone to the moon to experience it firsthand and learn from China's advanced experience would be a good idea.
It would be no exaggeration to say that SA was bustling with activity for a time.
"Haha, I also hope NASA would act so emotionally."
Unfortunately, it's unlikely that it's because of us.
Or, to put it another way, the successful commissioning of our Laurel Base at most resulted in Washington allocating additional funds to NASA in the middle of the year.
With nearly 100 billion US dollars in cash at their disposal, they can recruit more people to do this.
I suspect NASA has done thorough preparation and feasibility studies.
Within NASA, two key members were discussing NASA's latest press conference.
The ASAs see each other as their biggest rivals.
NASA uses the progress and achievements of the SA to motivate its researchers, and the SA does similar things.
"Landing on Mars is not that simple, but in terms of time it is about right."
The original plan, which NASA released in 2020, indicated that a Mars landing would be completed by 2035.
It's reasonable to move the target date forward to mid-2027.
If NASA misses next year's window of opportunity, it will have to wait approximately two years, until 2029.
Due to limitations in aviation fuel and aircraft engine power, the best time for Earth to travel to Mars is currently when Earth and Mars are closest.
Other methods are difficult to achieve.
"I just don't know how NASA addresses the risks of EDL."
EDL is short for Ending, and is considered the most difficult and dangerous stage in the human landing process on Mars.
"It's estimated to be an ejection seat, a separate parachute, and a small thruster."
"The problem lies in the accuracy of the Mars landing. Based on our previous technical simulations published by NASA, their optical navigation and guidance can only achieve an accuracy of 5-10 kilometers."
The American astronauts perished after landing, unable to find the landing module before their energy was completely depleted.
Landing via a separate ejection seat and parachute is the safest method.
It's like having people land on Mars with minimal equipment first, and then the lander detaches and lands on Mars.
After the astronauts land on Mars, they will go back to find the lunar module.
This plan is the safest option for landing, but the challenge lies in the later stages: whether the landing module can be successfully located.
Due to Mars' thin atmosphere, communication is difficult to guarantee.
Not to mention positioning.
"Therefore, this plan has higher requirements for landing accuracy. If NASA can achieve an accuracy of about 100 meters, then this plan will definitely be fine."
"Achieving an accuracy of 100 meters is too difficult."
Currently, our integrated navigation solutions can only achieve an accuracy of about two kilometers.
It still relies on theoretical precision from the laboratory setting; it hasn't been validated in a real-world environment.
To address the issues of unknown disturbances and measurement anomalies during the Mars landing phase, they mainly developed three combined navigation schemes that conform to the partitioned differential filter.
The most effective approach is the combined navigation scheme based on Huber first-order differential filters, which includes adaptive Huber first-order differential filters and adaptive Huber second-order differential filters.
The cost function of the standard Kalman filter is modified using functions of the prediction state estimation error covariance and the measurement noise covariance in the Huber case.
Specifically, the first-order divide-and-differential filter is obtained by embedding the latest error covariance and measurement noise covariance into a general first-order divide-and-differential filter.
To more specifically improve the filter's performance under significant bias, an adaptive forgetting factor is introduced into the first-order partitioned difference filter.
Based on this, a first-order divider filter was derived. Similarly, an adaptive Huber second-order divider filter was generated.
(The above solution comes from the International Journal of Adaptive Signal Prog, February of this year, I forget which issue exactly, I read it several months ago.)
"If America does a live stream of the whole thing, we can glean some clues from their live stream."
SA makes no secret of drawing on NASA's successful experiences.
Follow the paths others have taken to avoid falling into pitfalls.
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