Chen Xia has the best oral English, and he mainly takes medical history inquiries.
Zheng Haisheng had the best English handwriting skills, so all the medical records were given to him.
After all, Chen Chun is a doctor at the Provincial First Hospital. She is young, has good eyesight, and strong hands-on ability, so she is the one who takes the lead in performing the gastroscopy.
Xuan Yongda has memorized all the usage and precautions of the medicines, and as he is the "captain", he has greater responsibility, so all the treatment drugs are kept by him and handed over to the nurses for the patients to take.
Everyone had a clear division of labor, and everything was done in an assembly line manner. Everything was orderly and well-organized, which made the doctors from various countries who were observing and the supervisors of the International Commission on Gastroenterology nod silently in their hearts.
This four-person team won everyone's respect with their professionalism, especially since China is still such a backward country. These doctors have to engage in clinical work, conduct research projects, and learn English.
This is really not easy, he is truly a role model in the medical field.
A global study later found that 50% of the world's population has been infected with Helicobacter pylori or is currently infected.
So even though there are differences in race and national conditions, the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori among people in England is also very high, and this is only among the general population.
Specifically in the gastroenterology department, the patients who come for treatment all come with stomach pain as their main complaint, so it goes without saying that the Helicobacter pylori positivity rate in such a group of people is definitely higher.
Chen Chun and Xuan Yongda were also concerned that England, with its separate dining system, might have a low positive test rate. That would have been a slap in the face.
Chen Xia is not worried at all. Word-of-mouth spread, family meals or kissing is just one of the reasons, but not the only one. Other reasons include:
Fecal-oral transmission: If the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach falls off, the Helicobacter pylori will also fall off and be excreted from the body along with the feces, contaminating water and food, and then being transmitted to other people.
Gastro-oral transmission: If infected with Helicobacter pylori, it will also be present in gastric juice, so when the infected person vomits, the bacteria in the vomit will be transmitted to others, especially during the acute infection period, it is more likely to be transmitted to others through vomitus.
Nosocomial transmission: People infected with Helicobacter pylori will leave bacteria on the gastroscope during gastroscopy. If the gastroscope is not cleaned thoroughly enough, it may be transmitted to other people.
The simplest example is the Tibetans in Xizang, China. The diet of these Tibetans is mainly tsampa, butter tea, dairy products, and hand-pulled meat. It is a typical separate dining system, and everyone eats their own food.
However, the Helicobacter pylori infection rate among Tibetans is the highest in the country, reaching 82%, so communal dining is definitely not the main route of transmission of Helicobacter pylori.
Even from a global perspective, China's Helicobacter pylori infection rate is not the highest. Instead, the highest rate is among the black African uncles who have nothing to eat and are starving.
For example, in Nigeria, the infection rate among the general population is as high as 90%, the highest in the world, and they also have a separate dining system.
The camera returns to the gastroenterology inpatient department of Wellington Hospital.
All 20 beds were occupied on the first day. On the second day, a gastroscopy was performed and tissue samples were extracted. The pathology department provided quick feedback. When all the results were presented to everyone, they took a deep breath. The infection rate was 85%.
Chen Chun and Xuan Yongda breathed a sigh of relief as the infection rate data was not much different from that in China.
This data is also the first official Helicobacter pylori infection rate data released abroad, which made some doctors observing nearby wonder in their hearts, is Helicobacter pylori really the main cause of stomach problems?
But some doctors are in denial: So what if the test is positive? How can you prove that Helicobacter pylori is the pathogen?
This is like catching a thief. There is a bad guy in the crowd, but you have no evidence that he committed the crime?
All patients were reviewed by the International Committee of Gastroenterology, including their current clinical symptoms and Helicobacter pylori-positive test reports, and then all of them were recorded, which was related to the evaluation of treatment.
Clinical evaluation is to see whether the patient still has clinical symptoms such as stomach discomfort after treatment with quadruple therapy.
The laboratory evaluation is to see whether Helicobacter pylori can still be detected after 2 weeks?
At the same time, in order to ensure the fairness and rationality of the experiment, Wellington Hospital tried every possible means to transfer some patients from other hospitals to serve as the control group.
There are also 20 patients, and two control groups are treated together. One group uses quadruple therapy, and the other group uses traditional symptomatic treatment methods. The treatment effect of which group is better will be evaluated later.
At this point, Chen Chun's self-confidence returned. Treatment? How could treatment be defeated?
Since the acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine abroad is very low and it is not recognized by the mainstream medical community, it can be said that it is not accepted by the mainstream medical community.
Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment and to make it more acceptable to doctors from various countries, Chen Xia did not take out "Sanliu Weitai" this time, but took out Omeprazole capsules.
The so-called quadruple therapy is omeprazole + potassium citrate bismuth + amoxicillin + clarithromycin.
Except for amoxicillin, which is an existing drug, the other three drugs are all original and patents have been applied for.
The introduction of the drugs was also the highlight of this clinical trial. As the inventor of the drugs, Zheng Haisheng specifically introduced the pharmacology and related laboratory data of these three drugs to everyone.
"Clarithromycin is made from erythromycin. A methyl group on the amino group is hydrolyzed and then reacted with benzyl chloroformate to protect the hydroxyl and amino groups on the 5-position side chain tetrahydropyran ring.
Then, it reacts with iodomethane in dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran to methylate the hydroxyl group at the 6-position, then catalytically hydrogenates and removes the protecting group, and reacts with formaldehyde to hydroxymethylate the amino group, and finally reduces it to a methyl group.
Professor Gregory interrupted and asked, "So, clarithromycin is also a macrolide, an upgraded version of erythromycin, right?"
Zheng Haisheng nodded. "Professor, your understanding is completely correct. Clarithromycin can not only treat stomach problems, but its antibacterial spectrum is the same as erythromycin, making it widely used in clinical practice. At the same time, if a patient is allergic to clarithromycin, methoxazole or tetracycline can be used instead."
The doctor on the scene was taught a good lesson again.
An antibiotic, an acid-suppressing drug, and a bismuth agent were all invented by Chinese doctors, which amazed everyone. Moreover, the relevant drug introductions and instructions were all very formal, and patents had been applied for. Their authenticity is beyond doubt.
When did China's medical and pharmaceutical strengths become so strong?
The key is that these drugs can not only be used for stomach diseases, but also for other infections, and they have great potential for making money.
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