Chapter 64: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period (3) Mozi's Theorem: Physics, Mathematics, Engineering...

Having been delayed by the affairs of the lower house, Ye Mo quickened her pace and finally arrived at her last destination for the day - Wenyuan before the sun set.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the trend of private lectures by various philosophers was prevalent, and the prototype of Shuzhai gradually emerged. This is the academy and study room of later generations, which is now the place where scholars debate and communicate.

Even though Yang Chengjun is now away from the city, Wenyuan is basically closed to people, and there are special servants cleaning it every day.

Entering Wenyuan Shuzhai, the light has begun to dim at this moment, and the servants have lit bronze lamps in the room.

There were no candles in the pre-Qin period. Only the nobles could use bronze lamps, which were mainly powered by animal and vegetable oils. The brightness of the lamps was comparable to that of later street lamps.

All bronze lamps were controlled by people. They would stand with their arms outstretched, holding the lamps above their heads, or kneel down, stretching their hands forward and holding the lamps in front of them. They were very stable and the lamps would never shake.

These lamp bearers were not guards, but domestic slaves or maids. People have their physical strength limited, and the physical limits of ordinary people in this copy seemed to be higher than those of modern people.

Ye Mo retracted his gaze and looked for a book.

There was no paper in this era. Most books were wooden slips made of regular wood pieces. The number of slips looked very spectacular. There were also some bronze vessels, jade pieces, tortoise shells, animal bones, silk books, etc.

After the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed, other countries wrote their own characters, simplifying, complication, foreignization, assimilation, etc., whatever was convenient. Therefore, the book collection contained oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, pottery inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk inscriptions, seal inscriptions, etc.

Mi Wenjing was the eldest daughter of Yangcheng Jun. She was very spoiled since she was a child. Even though the matriarchal society had basically disappeared, there was no strong idea of ​​"women without talent are virtuous".

Of course, she didn't know all the books. She didn't know half of the oracle bone inscriptions popular in the Shang Dynasty, and the remaining half of the pictographic characters were related to bronze inscriptions, so she could guess them.

It's just a copy. When you return to the real world, you may be able to understand oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and Dazhuan. You can also learn soft pen calligraphy automatically. It's the dream of history majors!

"..."

Familiar with the handwriting, Ye Mo first chose history books.

The ancestors of the Chu State seemed to have a bad relationship with the emperors of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, they were driven to the south by the court. In the Zhou Dynasty, other founding generals were princes, and the leader of the Chu State was only a viscount. There were also Zeng State, Wei State, Xi State and other surveillance around.

"???"

After getting familiar with the handwriting, Ye Mo specifically picked the Mohist bamboo slips to read - named after Mozi. During

this period, Meng Sheng and Mohist disciples had begun to consciously organize and collect the achievements of their ancestor Mozi and Mozi's remarks, and spread them in various places.

Yangcheng Jun's book room naturally cannot be without Mohism.

Ye Mo originally thought it was quite profound and boring, but the result was completely different from what he imagined.

The more he read, the more addicted he became, and the more he read, the more inspired he became.

'Universal love, non-aggression, advocating virtue, advocating unity, heaven's will, knowing ghosts, non-fate, non-music, frugal burial, frugality, philosophy, military science, logic', these Mozi's philosophical thoughts and political theories are indeed difficult to understand in a short time, and he can only remember the main sentences in his mind first.

It involves engineering, mechanics, geometry, optics, etc., which are Ye Mo's major and job.

It's amazing!

The magic here is not something that Mozi did, a weapon, or a building, but it is very consistent with the scientific knowledge of modern physics and mathematics, so he sighed, 'The ancients were really smart'.

The magic here is that Mozi could actually summarize a set of very rigorous scientific theories, just like a modern textbook, with theories, implicit formulas, simple examples, specific cases, etc.

For example, in mathematical theory, Mozi directly defined a circle as a circle of equal length, defined a square as a figure with four right angles and four sides of equal length, and the three-point collinearity theorem of vectors...

Although these may be elementary and middle school math common sense, it is really amazing that the first person to propose precise definitions and concepts, and proposed so many concepts and theorems.

Ye Mo sighed that she was not as good as him. What

she knew was all taught in math books. It might not work for her to study math theories by herself, mainly because the shackles of math knowledge and math thinking patterns restricted her thinking.

...

Then there is physics.

Mozi defined or summarized or vividly described physics knowledge such as mechanics, action and action, resistance, lever, center of gravity, rolling friction, geometric optics, and medium propagation of sound.

Moreover, Mozi personally performed specific scientific experimental demonstrations such as collision of two objects, lever theorem, pinhole imaging, plane mirror, concave mirror, convex mirror, and sound propagation.

There are also some hypothetical reasonings, such as "stop, because of long time, without long time, it will not stop, like a cow, not a horse", which means that the cessation of the movement of an object comes from the effect of resistance impedance. If there is no resistance, the object will move forever.

Compared with modern scientific theories, these descriptions may still have many shortcomings or inconsiderate points, but Ye Mo saw the buds of modern science and the figures of the giants of the times.

It's a pity that there is only one Mozi. All these theories come from Mozi. His disciples may have learned them, but they don't know how to use them 100%, nor do they know how to come up with new theories.

"Ah."

Ye Mo couldn't help but sigh with regret. If Mozi lived longer, he might have perfected more sciences. If Mozi had disciples, he might even have promoted scientific progress.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were about 2,500 years away from the 21st century, and science would have taken fewer detours.

But in the real world, these theories disappeared with the decline of Mohism and became a lost art for a long time. The books found in modern archaeology must be fragments of fragments.

...

Continue to engineering.

In the future, there may be a more pleasant name to describe it - Mohist mechanism.

This is about Ye Mo's real expertise.

To be honest, Goblin Tinker is also related to the engineering profession, but the process of craftsmen forging equipment and weapons is too simple, mainly due to material and magic problems, but Mohist mechanism is different.

Mohist mechanism is the proud achievement of Mohist and his disciples in the manufacturing process of weapons, machinery, mechanisms, and architecture based on Mohist theory and combined with practice.

The materials are still mainly wood and bronze.

The bamboo slips recording Mohist mechanism are tens of thousands more than the previous logic and philosophy theory combined. Among them, there are not only textual explanations mainly in bronze inscriptions, but also engraved patterns.

This part may also be the most damaged part in later generations. Many of them were destroyed by feudal imperial rulers, leaving behind some millennium puzzles that are incredible to modern people.

Ye Mo believes that Mohist mechanical technology should not be compared with Goblin Tinkerers, but should be directly compared with modern science.

Some mechanical products are indeed simple compared with modern technology, but there are also quite a few relatively complicated mechanisms, and the design is simply amazing. The wisdom of the ancients is really not simple.

The most important thing is to simplify and return to the basics.

'To give a simple example, the mortise and tenon structure, a concave and convex connection method used on two wooden components, runs through 90% of all Chinese wooden works.

The mortise and tenon structure can not only connect wood to wood, but also make the wood structure have a steel connection method, enhance the flexibility of the work, and make the work have a certain ability to bear deformation. Under the earthquake load, it offsets a certain amount of earthquake energy through deformation and reduces the seismic response of the structure. '@1

In Mohist books, there are hundreds of mortise and tenon structures, including corner tenons, corner tenons, dovetail tenons, dragon and phoenix tenons, shoulder tenons, sleeve tenons, hanging tenons, and pierced tenons. There are

also other very exquisite designs.

These designs are in line with Mohist theorems, and many of Mohist theorems are in line with the laws of modern science. If these designs can be combined with modern science...

Ye Mo is completely obsessed with it.

Of course, in addition to science, there is also non-science.

There are indeed some mystical things in this era, such as thunder wood, fantasy stone, fire stone, witchcraft, formation, etc., which are also reflected in the Mohist mechanism.

Especially the formation, there are more than 30 wooden scrolls in the mechanism, and the content is quite rich.

Some wooden weapons are not well understood, but it is said that their power is no less than that of bronze, iron, and medium-carbon steel.

The most difficult to understand is the five elements formation, but the last step of almost every mechanism involves the five elements formation.

"... all things are classified into five items of water, fire, wood, gold and earth according to the nature of moistening, burning, bending and straight, following and changing, and farming..." @2

It is completely in the category of mysticism, which is different from the Western fantasy magic formation.

This copy world is really strange.

There are obviously unscientific things such as witch doctors, priests, martial arts, formations, the five elements, Suihou beads, night-shining pearls, etc., and the general rules and many details overlap with history in a weird way, and they can still make sense.

Reading books all night, question marks × N.

...

"Young lady, it's one quarter of the midnight." It was not

until the maid reminded him that Ye Mo raised his head from the bamboo slips of Mo Xue.

Knees Even if she is as strong as she is, she can't avoid the discomfort of kneeling for a long time when she was helped up by two maids .

Sitting and kneeling are still different.

In ancient times, noble ladies not only had to kneel every day, but also had to kneel beautifully, elegantly, and dignifiedly...hiss.

"Go back to the room."

"Young lady, please."

There were people holding lights all the way, and Ye Mo returned to the small courtyard where he lived alone.

There are a few plants planted in the yard, lush and green, with one or two red or yellow flowers occasionally seen. There are some hibiscus patterns carved on the corridor pillars and the windows of the room.

The layout of the bedroom is also very simple.

The step-out bed is on the east side by the window, like a small wooden house, and there is a concave corridor in front of the bed. Tables, stools, and cabinets are placed on both sides of the corridor.

The dressing table is made of mahogany, with a slight natural wood fragrance. The dressing table is more like a small machine box. There are shallow grooves carved in the box for mirrors, knives, combs, boxes, etc., which can firmly fix the dressing supplies.

When the dressing box is open, the table can be manually pushed up for easy washing; when the dressing box is closed, the items inside will not shake or bump at will even if it is bumped or turned over, so it is completely safe to carry it with you when going out. It has

a higher practical value.

There is a colored glass mirror with a pattern of Pan Chi diamonds in the box. The mirror surface is polished very smoothly, which can clearly reflect Mi Wenjing's appearance. Her facial features are three-dimensional and angular, and she looks dignified and elegant. There are

basically no cosmetics in the dressing box. In the middle is a square jewelry box with so many exquisite jewelry inside that it can dazzle people's eyes. In addition to gold, silver, copper, shellfish, and jade, there are also 100 irregular colored glass beads with patterns.

Colored glass is a type of glass.

Some of these colored glass beads are naturally produced volcanic glass beads, and some are spoils of victory obtained by the State of Chu against the State of Sui. The Pan Chi diamond pattern colored glass mirror also comes from the State of Sui.

This State of Sui is really a treasure country, and it mastered glass technology so early.

While admiring various handmade jewelry, Ye Mo completed the processes of washing, changing clothes, and rinsing her mouth with the help of the maid. In fact, this process is not easy. She rarely gets so close to people.

"Go down."

"Yes."

Ye Mo came to the bed.

The bed sheets around were emerald green pigment yarn, and the satin quilt was embroidered with fourteen kinds of patterns, which were lifelike. The weaving, embroidery, and dyeing techniques in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were very high, especially in the State of Chu.

As soon as the maids left the room and closed the door, Ye Mo immediately bent her waist, twisted her neck, stretched her arms, and stretched her bones, looking like a disgraced lady.

But it was quite comfortable.

On the first night in the dungeon, thanks to Mozi's theorem, Ye Mo was tested on basic knowledge all night by his former middle school, high school, and university physics and mathematics teachers in his dream, from Newton's three laws to the Neumann-Stokes equation.