Chapter 739: How many people are emperors? How many people are kings? (End of Volume)
On the north bank of the river, countless corpses were floating in the water. Their pale and swollen faces made anyone who looked at them feel a chill and would be awakened by nightmares in the middle of the night.
Cao Camp.
Cao Cao sat at the top, he was wearing leather armor, his face was weathered, and his beard was messy, showing that it had not been trimmed for a long time.
The entire tent was filled with a strong smell, even Xun Yu, who was known for his lingering fragrance, was immersed in it.
As the confrontation lasted longer, Cao Cao's face became more and more ugly, and his advisers were puzzled.
What is Luo Yan going to do?
This is the question that lingers on everyone's mind. The confrontation between Luo Yan and Cao Cao is almost exhausting the little war potential that is left in Zhao State.
If Luo Yan continues to fight like this, after this battle, even if Luo Wengong and Guan Zhong were reborn, they would not be able to save the State of Zhao.
Cao Cao asked in disbelief, "Does Luo Yan want to drag me to death with him?
But Ben Xiang has a strong foundation, owning two states and two rivers. These losses can be recovered in no more than five years. What can he use to fight Ben Xiang?"
Xun Yu had been thinking about this question. He looked to the north and said slowly, "My lord, to the north of Zhao is Yan.
It is very likely that Zhao's actions were due to pressure from Yan.
Under the current situation, our army alone cannot destroy the State of Zhao.
However, Yan State had a large number of cavalry and could advance straight into the enemy territory.
There is no way that Luo Yan can maintain long-term peace with Yan State. There will definitely be a war between the two, just like the war between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in the past.
Under this situation, Luo Yan's biggest worry is being attacked from both sides, so the threat to our army must be eliminated.
Now that he has taken advantage of Ma Chao's betrayal, he will naturally risk everything, but what means he is going to use still needs further observation. "
Xun Yu's analysis was well-founded. Cao Cao pondered for a moment and then said hesitantly, "Will Luo Yan not want to take back the Hebei Bridge in Wei County?"
Xun You immediately said firmly: "That is absolutely impossible. Even if we die here, Wei County will be in our army's hands.
If Luo Yan wants it, he can use the blood of his fake Zhao people!"
Everyone had an expression of deep agreement. The biggest benefit of defeating Yuan Shao was that the State of Yan was plundered.
If they fail to capture Wei County, Henei County will be isolated and at risk of being lost. Moreover, if they attack Hebei the next day, they will have to retake the ferry, and it is unknown how much it will cost.
The bottom line that Cao Cao could accept was to use the Zhang River as the boundary so that Ye City would still be occupied by the Yuan family.
In the Zhao army.
Luo Yan sat in the middle of the big tent, in his hand was a list of casualties and food losses over the past few days.
Ju Su said in a deep voice: "Prime Minister, after Yan occupied northern Ji, many noble families fled to Zhao with their families. They donated some food and grass, but the food and grass are still depleting very quickly.
If we continue to fight like this, even our stored grain and fodder will have to be used up. If a famine strikes next year, we won’t even be able to get food for disaster relief.
When will we end this war with Cao Cao?"
This was the question of everyone in the tent, even the warmongering Qu Yi felt tired.
A whole group of his vanguard soldiers had already died, and the current ones were newly trained. The Zhao blacksmith shop was exploited to the extreme, but it could not stop the consumption of war materials.
Luo Yan said loudly: "There is only one purpose for war, and that is to achieve political goals. If we fail to achieve political goals, then all our sacrifices will be in vain.
When to stop?
This is not decided by me or Cao Cao, but by the changes in the situation caused by the war!
When Cao Cao doesn't want to fight anymore, and when Yan State feels that it can reap the benefits, it is time for us to negotiate with Cao Cao and stop the war.
Hold on a little longer, the time is almost here.
Cao Cao is wearing shoes now, and we are barefoot. We can block everything, but Cao Cao cannot go crazy with us! "
Luo Yan's strategy of risking one's life and then surviving finally paid off when Cao Cao learned that the Yan cavalry began to roam.
Cao Cao was certain that Luo Yan was really willing to risk his entire family fortune to force him to make concessions. This gambler's mentality made Cao Cao realize that he had already lost this confrontation.
Luo Yan's peace terms were sent over, but there was only one clause. Cao Cao thought he had read it wrong.
Luo Yan demanded that Cao Cao recognize the throne of Zhao and the throne of Yan in the name of the Han Dynasty, and also asked him to swear in front of the Luo River that he would become king within a year!
As soon as this condition was put forward, the entire Cao camp was in an uproar almost instantly!
Is this condition excessive?
This is not an exaggeration for many people, such as generals from the Xiahou and Cao families, such as Xu Chu, Dian Wei, Le Jin, and Yu Jin, and loyal counselors such as Guo Jia, Xi Zhicai, and Cheng Yu. Cao Cao has a team that is loyal to him.
But for many people, this was quite excessive, such as Xun Yu and many small princes who defected to Cao Cao because of the imperial court.
For example, Guan Hai, the prefect of Henei, Zhao Hong, the prefect of Nanyang who did not follow Ma Chao to attack Cao Cao, and many famous scholars, strategists, and generals who were originally unwilling to serve Cao Cao.
Another example is the Zhang family, who were descended from Liuhou, and those old people and young men who became noble because of the Han Dynasty.
After Yuan Shao established the State of Zhao, the old aristocrats of the Han Dynasty, even the Lu family and the Anyang Han family, could not keep their titles and lands.
These people were hiding underwater, and no one knew how many there were, but Cao Cao knew that there must be a lot of them.
Over 1,300 years of propaganda, countless people of noble character and lofty ideals have sacrificed their lives for the truth.
People in this world worship loyalty and righteousness to an abnormal degree. Even if the Han Dynasty had fallen to this extent, there would still be a large number of people who were willing to die for the Han Dynasty.
Xi Zhicai coughed and said, "This Luo family's Young Master Yan is really ruthless, he was able to seize this weakness of the lord.
My Lord, do you want to agree?"
Cao Cao was somewhat embarrassed when Xi Zhicai guessed what he was thinking. He stroked the sword in his hand and said, "I am a loyal minister of the Han Dynasty, so I am naturally unwilling to take the initiative to break the White Horse Oath.
But I thought Luo Yan would put forward all kinds of difficult conditions, and I was even prepared for another fight.
But who would have thought that Luo Yan would only propose this one condition which was not excessive.
If you don’t agree, what if the other conditions are more stringent?
Are we really going to fight a war with the State of Yan?
So what else can I do except agree?"
Everyone was silent. Guo Jia sighed and said, "This is the brilliance of Master Yan. He proposed a condition that seems not excessive, but is actually extremely terrifying.
We know there is a trap ahead, but we have to walk into it, because if we don’t agree, the future we will face is something we cannot predict.”
After hearing what Cao Cao said, Xun Yu could not help but say, "My lord, you cannot be called king.
When Yuan Shao proclaimed himself king, we denounced him as a traitor, so we raised an army to attack him, and princes from all over the world came to help. Now that you are also proclaiming yourself king, what is the difference between you and Yuan Shao?
How do you know that the other princes will not raise troops to attack you the next day?
Will those princes who want to prosper the Han Dynasty join Liu Bei for this reason?"
Gongzi Yan is so calculating!
The mere debate over whether or not to become king tore a huge rift in Cao Cao's camp. Cao Cao and Xun Yu, the always close monarch and minister who had gone through many ups and downs together, stood on opposing sides.
Cao Cao was thinking about more. This was not just a rift within the Prime Minister's Mansion, but a rift within the entire Han court. Was he capable of facing this huge rift now?
He controlled two of Yanzhou, Yuzhou and Sanhe, and now he had obtained the vast land of Weijun. Even if he was stabbed in the back by Ma Chao, he would still be the number one prince in the world.
After a few more years, when he has recovered from the trauma, unless Liu Bei can capture Jizhou, or the State of Yan can occupy Jizhou and Qingzhou and restore Yuan Shao to his peak glory, no one will be his opponent in a one-on-one fight.
Cao Cao was quite complacent when he thought of this. He stood up, looked around at everyone, and then said loudly: "I will personally apologize to His Majesty the Emperor when I return to the court.
War is a place of life and death!
Emperor Gao established the White Horse Oath to ensure the eternal stability of the Han Dynasty and the eternal stability of the Liu family.
But now our army is in danger of destruction and our country is in danger of collapse. Do we still have to uphold this ancestral oath?
Since ancient times, I have never heard of a country that could prosper without changing the ancestral laws. On the contrary, countries that changed the ancestral laws prospered and dominated.
If claiming to be a king is a crime, I, Cao Cao, will bear the full responsibility.
Gongda, you come and prepare. I want to negotiate with Prince Yan. We will use the Zhang River as the boundary and agree not to invade each other.
The State of Zhao pays tribute to the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty recognizes the throne of the Yuan family, and the friendship between the Han and Zhao will be preserved forever!"
Xun Yu suddenly became anxious. He wanted to say something, but as soon as he said the word "lord", Cao Cao left the tent directly.
Everyone in the tent had not yet recovered from Cao Cao's shocking speech. They were all dumbfounded. They did not expect that Cao Cao would make a decision so quickly.
When everyone came to their senses, they left the tent and looked at Xun Yu. Xun Yu felt waves of chills coming towards him.
There was a chill between heaven and earth, and the crowd was surging, all moving forward. Only I was going against the crowd, unable to move forward.
Xun You came over and whispered, "Uncle, you should think about it more. This may be the general trend of the world. Why do you want to go against it?"
Xun Yu said softly: "Gongda, you have met Wushuang Zhongwu Marquis, and I have met him too. I have also met Ying Marquis, Chen Gong, Huangfu Gong, and many, many others.
They all admired me and didn’t say a word to me.”
Xun Yu said nothing more.
Chinese!
On the bank of the Zhang River, listening to Cao Cao's loud oath, everyone seemed to recall the scene when Yuan Shao swore by pointing to the Luo River.
Looking at the Cao army moving further and further away, Luo Yan forced a desolate smile on his face, listening to the gurgling Zhang River.
Luo Yan whispered: "The war is over, we are completely defeated."
A tear fell from the corner of his eye, and he didn't know for whom it was for. When he walked out of Zhaocheng, he had never expected to see this scene.
Zhao is exhausted!
Where to go?
…
The fifteenth year of Jian'an.
The agreement signed between Cao Cao and Luo Yan spread like a gust of wind throughout the Central Plains and even the entire world!
People in the world dare not imagine what kind of mental state Cao Cao was in when he signed the agreement.
But that was the oath taken at Luoshui. Was Cao Cao going to break that oath?
…
The fifteenth year of Jian'an.
Ma Chao and his companions returned to Guanzhong. Less than a month after returning to Guanzhong, Ma Chao directly joined forces with Han Sui to become king.
Han Sui ruled the area east of Chang'an in Guanzhong and was called King of Qin.
He ruled the land west of Chang'an in Guanzhong and Liangzhou and was called King of Yong.
After the two of them became kings, they immediately spread the news to the other princes.
After receiving the news from Ma Chao and the others, Lu Bu felt more and more embarrassed about his current position as the Governor of Bingzhou.
The princes claiming to be kings meant that they did not recognize the titles and official positions of the Han Dynasty. Wouldn't it be foolish for them to still hold these Han Dynasty titles?
But it would be weird to be a king. If I can’t even choose a crown prince, what difference does it make whether I’m a king or not?
Amidst this dilemma, Lu Bu, at the instigation of his subordinates, proclaimed himself King of Jin, becoming the fourth prince to proclaim himself king after the King of Zhao, the King of Qin, and the King of Yong.
Liu Yan, the governor of Yizhou, which was adjacent to Guanzhong, was naturally unwilling to fall behind when he saw this. He was an ambitious man, but unfortunately his health was not good and had been getting worse over the years. He wanted to use the matter of becoming king to bring good luck to himself.
He then proclaimed himself King of Shu, and as a relative of the Han royal family, he took the initiative to exchange letters with Ma Chao and Han Sui, recognizing each other's throne, hoping that the two would join him in besieging Zhang Lu.
Zhang Lu, who ruled Hanzhong, proclaimed himself King of Hanzhong and also exchanged letters with Ma Chao and Han Sui to block Liu Yan's way out of Yizhou.
…
Cao Cao led his army back to Xuchang. When the triumphant army arrived outside the city, Liu Xie, as the emperor, naturally had to review the army.
Unexpectedly, during the review, Liu Xie, who had always obeyed Cao Cao's orders and seemed to have accepted his fate as a puppet, suddenly attacked and said in a stern voice: "Prime Minister, you agreed to the request of the Yan and Zhao thieves to become kings without authorization. Are you trying to usurp the throne?"
Cao Cao, who had been smiling as he accompanied Liu Xie and introduced the generals who had made great contributions to the emperor, suddenly changed his expression, a chill flashed across his face, and murderous intent appeared in his eyes.
But he still forced himself to restrain himself, as he didn't dare to kill the king.
Cao Cao said with a fake smile: "Your Majesty, I agreed to the request of Yan and Zhao just for show, otherwise these hundreds of thousands of warriors would have been buried in the river.
At that time, my Han Dynasty would be in danger."
Liu Xie smiled coldly and said, "Then the Prime Minister will not..."
Cao Cao could no longer bear it. Is Liu Xie crazy today?
He lowered his voice and said with a chill in his heart: "Your Majesty, please do not forget the old things of Emperor Xiaomin. I have selected a few servants for you, who will definitely be able to take care of your daily life."
The old story of Emperor Xiaomin?
Isn't it just a cup of poisoned wine?
Liu Xie, who had just mustered up the courage, looked at the murderous intent in Cao Cao's eyes that was almost undisguised, and instantly became timid and stopped provoking Cao Cao.
When Cao Cao saw that Liu Xie was frightened, he immediately felt relieved. No matter how excessive Liu Xie's actions were, he would never kill the king. What he wanted was to abdicate and take the throne of the Han Dynasty legally. What was the difference between killing the king and Dong Zhuo?
He doesn't want to be cursed for eternity in history books.
However, today I have completely torn my relationship with Liu Xie. The attack of the royalists may be imminent. I must be careful and cautious. I can't go to the palace anymore. I must bring guards with me when I go in and out, and Dian Wei must not leave my side.
Liu Xie never imagined that the warning he thought he was giving to Cao Cao would make Cao Cao so alert, completely cutting off his last chance to overthrow Cao Cao, and even making him lose the chance to die together with Cao Cao.
The autumn of the fifteenth year of Jian'an.
The first grand court meeting after Cao Cao returned to Xuchang.
The eunuch at the top held the imperial edict and said in a high, shrill voice: "Yuan Shao was rebellious and usurped the throne. The Prime Minister led the army to fight him and Yuan Shao surrendered. The Prime Minister's merits are too great to be rewarded. I cannot treat a minister who has made great contributions lightly.
He bestowed the Nine Gifts on the Prime Minister, allowed him to enter the court without kneeling, praise or bow without naming his name, wear a sword and sandals when entering the palace, and be guarded when entering and leaving. He was also in charge of the Secretariat and the commander-in-chief of all military affairs inside and outside the country. He was granted the title of Duke of Wei, and Wei County, Henei County, Henan County, Chenliu County, Jiyin County, and Shanyang County were made part of the State of Wei.
The State of Wei can appoint its own officials and have all the power to govern. "
When this imperial edict came out, many people were dumbfounded. They really didn't expect that Cao Cao's appetite was so big that he directly ceded the six most fertile counties to the Wei State.
You know, this is the Principality of Wei!
Everyone knows that Cao Cao’s oath at Luoshui was to declare himself king. After establishing his kingdom, would he annex all the remaining lands of Yanzhou and Yuzhou?
Where did the emperor go?
Living in the State of Wei?
Moreover, the prime minister is the head of all officials. Cao Cao also specifically emphasized the responsibility of recording the affairs of the Shangshu and commanding all military forces inside and outside the country.
Everyone couldn't help but turn their eyes to Xun Yu, the former Shangshu Ling of the Han Dynasty and an indispensable contributor to Cao Cao's success.
There must be something wrong between these two.
Xun Yu closed his eyes slightly, entering into meditation like an old monk, as if the disturbances in the outside world could not disturb him, as if he was unaware that he had just been deprived of all his power.
The voice in the hall was still echoing. Behind his mian, Liu Xie looked at Cao Cao with hatred on his face. In his eyes, Cao Cao was a Han traitor like Li Jue and Guo Si, a villain who attempted to usurp his Liu family's kingdom. He wished he could kill him with his own hands.
But looking at the soldiers standing in the hall, his body and shoulders collapsed again, and only despair remained in his heart.
Winter of the fifteenth year of Jian'an.
Blood covered Xuchang.
A large number of treacherous people who attempted to plot against the emperor were defeated by Cao Cao, including the emperor's uncle and a large number of ministers. There were fifteen people with official positions above 2,000 stones, and many marquises were involved.
Cao Cao wielded the butcher knife without hesitation.
The captured ministers screamed loudly, "Cao thief, we will go first, and wait for you in the underworld!"
"Cao thief, the sun is bright, your atrocities will be heard by the heavens, and the late emperor of the Han Dynasty will watch you until you die!"
"Cao, you deceived the emperor and are truly a treacherous minister. I wish I could eat your flesh and drink your blood!"
Cao Cao ignored the cries of people crying and waiting until they were about to die. He then reported to Liu Xie, "Your Majesty, I have captured all the thieves who attempted to assassinate the king and overthrow the country. They will be beheaded soon.
Your Majesty, rest assured, I will definitely protect your safety."
Liu Xie trembled with fear and said, "Prime Minister, is there any misunderstanding here?
They are all my loyal subjects, how could they harm me?"
Cao Cao glared at him and said coldly, "Your Majesty, can there be two suns in the sky?
Can black and white be unclear?
Can a loyal minister and a treacherous minister be the same person?
If they are loyal ministers, does that mean I am a treacherous minister?
Your Majesty has slandered me in this way, and I am heartbroken.
King Su once said, "The ruler regards his subjects as dirt, and the subjects regard the ruler as an enemy. Does Your Majesty want to be an enemy to me?"
The murderous aura that was almost materialized frightened Liu Xie so much that he dared not say anything more. He could only keep agreeing with Cao Cao and said, "The Prime Minister is right. They are treacherous ministers. They deserve to die. They deserve to die!"
Cao Cao turned around and left with satisfaction. With Liu Xie as he was, there was no chance for him to make a comeback.
Most of the officials who participated in the opposition to Cao Cao were exterminated along with their three clans, and the entire execution ground was dyed red with blood. It is unknown how many officials died in this political turmoil, including the Liuhou family that had been passed down from the early Han Dynasty.
In the contemporary era, the three clans of Marquis Liu were exterminated and his title was abolished, which completely declared the end of his title. However, it was impossible for the Zhang family to be completely destroyed, and there were even still some members of the family serving as officials under Cao Cao.
Luo Yan, who had been paying attention to Cao Cao, couldn't help laughing out loud when he learned about these things. This was the result he wanted.
Politics is extremely complicated!
Victory cannot be achieved simply by wielding a butcher knife. If it were that simple, how could those kings, princes, generals and ministers compromise?
How come those monarchs failed in almost all their reforms?
On the surface, it seemed that Cao Cao had won a great victory and eliminated a large number of political enemies, but in reality, the number of people opposing him increased instead, and they were hiding deeper.
At least for a few years, Cao Cao should not think about mobilizing a large number of troops for expedition, otherwise he will be prepared for a fire in his backyard.
Before the first month of the sixteenth year of Jian'an, Xun Yu committed suicide in his residence and left a suicide letter. Cao Cao remained silent for a long time.
But the ending was not changed at all. The only difference was that only Xun Yu died, and Cao Cao would not implicate his relatives.
Sixteen years before the beginning of the Jian'an period, the emperor once again issued an imperial decree, in recognition of the Duke of Wei's contribution in saving the emperor, and appointed Cao Cao as the King of Wei. All counties in Yanzhou and Yuzhou were incorporated into the Kingdom of Wei, leaving only the imperial palace in Xuchang as Liu Xie's territory to live in.
When Cao Cao slowly left Xuchang dressed in the clothes of a prince, he rode in a top-of-the-line carriage.
Looking at the scenery on both sides that kept moving backwards, Cao Cao sighed slightly and said, "Today, the oath of Luoshui ends."
…
Xuzhou.
When Liu Bei received the news that Cao Cao had proclaimed himself King of Wei, he was already numb. Ever since Cao Cao swore the oath at Luo River, he knew that this day was only a matter of time.
Then one prince after another proclaimed themselves king. At first he hated it, but later he stopped talking.
When Cao Cao really proclaimed himself king, Liu Bei suddenly said: "When Yuan Shao proclaimed himself king, all the princes in the world rose up to attack him.
Why did the situation in the world change to such an extent in just a short period of time?
The princes of the world are afraid of being crowned king later than others, and currently only Liu Biao and Luo Chu have not yet been crowned king. "
Luo Qi said with emotion: “My lord, the world’s situation is like the flow of water, changing with the shape.
When Yuan Shao proclaimed himself king, there was no king in the world, so he was attacked by everyone.
The reason why we were attacked by everyone was because of the determination of Cao Cao and you, my lord, to fight us.
But after the war, both the lord and Cao Cao were exhausted and could no longer resort to violence, which gave the princes an opportunity to take advantage of the situation.
Among them, there were some ambitious people who took advantage of the situation, which led to what happened today.
Nowadays, everyone in the world claims to be a king, and those who do not claim to be a king will be constrained in every way. "
Luo Qi coughed twice, his figure became thinner and thinner, and he bowed and said, "My lord, Cao Cao has made no secret of his intention to usurp the throne of Han. The emperor is weak and cannot protect the Han country.
My lord, you are a relative of the Han dynasty, well-known throughout the world, and you have a strong army. The time has come for you to ascend the throne and revive the Han cause."
Upon hearing this, all the ministers under Liu Bei bowed and kowtowed, and together asked Liu Bei to ascend the throne.
Liu Bei had known that this day would come, and he accepted the homage of his ministers without hesitation, because Qingzhou had not yet been fully recovered, so it was not appropriate for him to be called the King of Qi.
So Liu Bei proclaimed himself King of Chu and moved his capital to Xuzhou.
Once he became king, Liu Bei accused Cao Cao of being a traitor who brought disaster to the country and threatened to clear out the court.
…
All the princes in the world are kings, and the kingdoms span states and counties. This scene is quite similar to the scene after Xiang Yu divided the country at the end of the Qin Dynasty, and also like the scene during the Warring States Period.
Today, only Liu Biao of Jingzhou and Jiangdong Luochu have not yet declared themselves kings.
The reason why Liu Biao did not become king was very shameful, because the gentry in Jingzhou were unwilling to serve Liu Biao as king.
Once Liu Biao became king, there would be a ruler and his subjects between the two sides, and they would be completely tied to Liu Biao's chariot.
But the gentry in Jingzhou only wanted to defend themselves and had no intention of supporting Liu Biao to become king and then fight for hegemony over the world.
In this predicament, Liu Biao was so angry that he developed ulcers on his back and fell ill.
As for the reason why Jiangdong never became king, it was even simpler. Liu Biao was bedridden and the Central Plains was weak from the chaos. Wouldn't it be stupid not to take advantage of this opportunity to invade Jingzhou?
Moreover, Jiangdong Luo Chu did not claim to be king, and his plan to train an heir failed, so a very traditional system emerged in Jiangdong, namely the Regency Conference!
Jiangdong still established its own country.
Because Liu Bei had used the name of the Kingdom of Chu before, and because the lord of Jiangdong, Luo Chu, was of the Ji clan, the officials of Jiangdong chose the name of the great country of the Ji clan in the ancient Zhou Dynasty - Wu!
The State of Wu used the Regency Council to oversee all government affairs.
Headed by the Duke of Yuzhang County, the Grand Commander and the Prime Minister, the Duke of Yuzhang County was hereditary by the descendants of Luo Chu, and the Grand Commander and the Prime Minister were appointed by the Regency Council. There were also twelve officials with more than 2,000 stones in the Regency Council, all of whom were powerful princes in the central and local governments of Wu.
This system can guarantee the power of all families and factions to the greatest extent. Under this system, Luo Chu's Yuzhang County Duke plays more of a balancing role.
This system has a sense of temporary transition.
If we can really conquer the Central Plains from the north, then naturally the one with the greatest merit will be the king, the emperor, or the emperor!
Luo Chu and the Regency Council have a scale in their hearts to measure who has made greater achievements!
————
In the 15th year of Jian'an, with the signing of the "Zhangshui Agreement", the Second War between the Xia and Han dynasties was completely declared over. This war completely destroyed the Han Dynasty.
Some historians believe that the fall of the Han Dynasty should be counted from this year, because the princes' claiming to be kings foreshadowed the bankruptcy of the Han Dynasty's system of titles and official positions.
As a central dynasty, from this year on, the emperor completely lost all the sacred power that was above the princes, and only existed as an illusory entity in the concept of the world. Its only function was to pass it on to the next monarch who had the power to support it. - "History of Wars in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty"
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