The second layer (sentences 4 to 7). The two sentences "Looking at the Western Capital" describe the author's infinite emotion when looking west to Chang'an. Chang'an, the capital of the Han and Tang empires, has been the capital of many emperors who worked hard to govern the country and achieved great success here; there have also been many unjust and incompetent emperors who abused their power and killed the people and became historical sinners. How much blood and sweat have the common people shed on the land of Chang'an! This is the reason and content of the author's "hesitation"!
The two lines "Sad Qin and Han" describe the Qin and Han dynasties, which have become relics of history. The countless palaces and pavilions of Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of Han have now turned to ashes and dust. The once prosperous Qin and Han dynasties have perished amid the roar of the people, just like "the palaces have all turned to dust". The author's feelings are expressed between the lines.
The third layer (the last four sentences) generally expresses the author's deep feelings: the rise and fall of dynasties brought disasters and sufferings to the people. This is a conclusion drawn by the author from the history of the rise and fall of emperors of all dynasties. The three layers of meaning are closely linked and deepened. The thoughts become clearer and clearer, and the emotions become stronger and stronger, forming a whole. The whole article contains emotions in the scenery, and the emotions are in the scenery, and the emotions and the scenery are blended.
evaluate:
"Shanpoyang: Reminiscence of the Past in Tongguan" is also a representative work of Zhao Jiu. It fully demonstrates the author's political ambition and great personality, and therefore has been highly praised by later generations for thousands of years.
The author adopts a layered approach, starting with describing the scenery, then reminiscing about the past, and then sparking discussion, perfectly combining the vast scenery, deep emotions, and refined discussion, making this short song highly appealing. The lines are full of a sense of historical vicissitudes and a sense of the times, with both the characteristics of nostalgic poetry and a unique melancholy style.
In the two sentences "rise and fall", the author, starting from his own experience, pointed out sternly that whether a dynasty rises or falls, the living standards of the people are actually not much different. Behind the prosperity of the Song Dynasty before Jingkang was the endless greed and extravagance of the rulers, which led to a large-scale people's uprising in the prosperous Jiangnan; and the war after Jingkang burned out the last ray of life of the people. The theme extracted by the author from the summary of history is extremely vivid and profound, and the questions raised are very important and sharp. It expresses the author's deep sympathy for the people. This ending is indeed a very insightful summary of the whole poem, with a sharp and alert tone, rich and profound.
From a historical perspective, Zhao Jiu may be the most special of all emperors. When the country was destroyed, there were many princes and grandsons who were stranded among the people and experienced hardships, but he was the only one who supported the country again. It can be said that the experience of falling from the clouds contributed to Zhao Jiu's transformation, and when he returned to the center of the stage again, he had become the only feudal ruler in Chinese history who empathized with the lives of the people and linked the suffering of the people with himself. This kind of seemingly "unqualified" feudal ruler. Throughout history, there have been many words of love and care for the people by kings, princes and generals. Before this, the most famous one was the sentence of Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, "Water can carry a boat and can also overturn it." But this is still the ruler looking at the people from a high position, and its purpose is nothing more than the stability of the rule. Only Zhao Jiu's two sentences of rise and fall really start from the perspective of the people and tell the suffering of the people at the bottom. As Lu Xun said, the rise and fall of a country is just the difference between the times when people want to be slaves but cannot and the times when they are temporarily stable as slaves. Fortunately, people at that time met Zhao Jiu, and the chaotic times soon ended, and people were able to live in peace. What is even more commendable is that Zhao Jiu practiced what he preached. He raised fish and planted mulberry trees in the palace city to be self-sufficient, and the expenses in the palace were the lowest in all dynasties. Throughout the Northern Song Dynasty, the royal children were required to cultivate a small piece of land themselves, which also made the emperors before the agricultural and mulberry activities evolved into a ritual nature have a certain understanding of the difficulties of farming and were able to reasonably collect taxes.
"Shanpoyang" is a new song composed by Zhao Jiu. Before the Jingkang period, Zhao Jiu was a concubine of Emperor Huizong and had no political prospects. Because his mother was of humble origin, he himself was not valued by Emperor Huizong. Therefore, Zhao Jiu studied music in order to stay away from the court and not be envied by the then crown prince and later Emperor Qinzong, and also hoped to gain the favor of Emperor Huizong, who was proficient in music, in order to improve his situation. However, the music learned for the sake of winning favor ultimately praises the people. I am afraid this is also the difference between a great emperor and a king who lost his country.
Appreciation of Song Shizu's Poems IV
"Mo Yu Er" (1)
Song Zhaojiu
How many more storms can it endure? (2) Spring has gone in a hurry. I cherish spring and always fear that the flowers will bloom too early, not to mention the countless fallen petals. Spring, please stay. I heard that there is no way back to the fragrant grass at the end of the world. I blame spring for not speaking. I am only attentive, but the spider webs on the eaves attract flying catkins all day long. (3)
The Changmen affair (4), the date was missed again. Someone once envied her beautiful eyebrows. Even if I could buy Xiangru's poems with thousands of gold, who could I tell about this deep love (5)? Don't dance, don't you see that Yuhuan and Feiyan are all dust (6)! Idle worry is the most painful! Don't go and lean on the dangerous railing (7), the setting sun is right there, where the smoke and willows break your heart.
【Notes】
(1) Moyuer: the name of a tune.
(2) 消: to endure.
(3) Only the spider webs under the eaves are diligently catching the flying catkins, preserving the spring scenery.
(4) Changmen: The name of a palace in the Han Dynasty. Empress Chen of Emperor Wu was imprisoned here after she fell out of favor. Sima Xiangru wrote in his preface to Changmen Fu: "Empress Chen of Emperor Xiaowu was favored by the emperor at the time and was quite jealous. She was away in Changmen Palace and felt sad and depressed. She heard that Sima Xiangru from Chengdu, Shu County, was the best writer in the country, so she offered Xiangru a million gold coins. Wenjun took some wine and wrote some sad poems. Xiangru wrote some poems to enlighten the emperor, and Empress Chen regained favor."
(5) Maimai: long and deep.
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