Although it was simply because the industrial development of the Song Dynasty had just started and basic education was not universal, the most important thing was that the main development direction of the Song Dynasty court in the past few years was not focused on this.
If many things were left to develop freely among the people, they would naturally be much slower.
But if there is a pioneer who already knows how the future should develop, and he also holds the power of the country and mobilizes the whole country, development will be very rapid.
The most intuitive example is Japan.
Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan was extremely backward. After thirty years of targeted development, Japan became the only independently developed country in Asia and was able to compete with the old industrial powers.
Although the Meiji Restoration followed the path of Europe's old industrial powers, Japan was able to directly copy and paste an industrial system from abroad, allowing it to quickly complete its modern industrial transformation.
But Zhao Jun believes that Japan's targeted development with the whole country's strength is very important. Otherwise, why did the Westernization Movement, which was also aimed at reform, fail?
Therefore, Zhao Jun felt that in the next few decades, in addition to vigorously developing basic education and cultivating a large number of professional talents, the Song Dynasty would also have to use this targeted approach of mobilizing the entire country to conduct research in a certain development direction.
In this way, daily necessities of all kinds will soon be produced in large quantities, and factories will not be limited to textile mills and steel mills. The emergence of such a large number of jobs will become the cornerstone of the healthy development of the country.
"Is this person Shen Kuo?"
"The author of 'Dream Pool Essays' is quite famous."
"Well, he was admitted to Bianliang University with excellent grades, and is now pursuing a doctorate in physics. His future is limitless."
Inside the Constitutional Court, several chancellors were looking at the list of candidates who had applied for doctoral degrees in various disciplines this year, which was sent by the Ministry of Education. Among them, Shen Kuo, who ranked first, was prominently listed.
The doctors in the Song Dynasty today are not the same as those in later generations.
It cannot be said that there are too many doctors in later generations, but at least it can be said that they are not uncommon.
It is normal for a key university to have thousands or even tens of thousands of master's students and hundreds or even thousands of doctoral students.
For example, when Zhao Jun entered the university in 2018, Renmin University had over 4,000 master's students and over 1,000 doctoral students. By the time he graduated, the number of master's students had risen to over 10,000.
It was different in the Song Dynasty. There were only more than 50 universities in the country, of which only Bianliang University was a top-notch university, followed by more than ten first-class key universities and one agricultural university directly under the Ministry of Agriculture.
The remaining universities are teacher training schools established in the last two years and steel mills run night schools for employee skills training and literacy.
The former can be considered a regular university, while the latter can only be considered a vocational training school.
Therefore, the Song Dynasty is not only seriously lacking in educational resources, but also has very few professional talents.
Even with the current full treasury and financial allocations, it is not difficult to set up more schools.
The difficulty lies in the fact that the current level of relevant research knowledge in the School of Chemistry, School of Mathematics, School of Physics, and School of Biology is generally at the level of high school and university knowledge.
Only a very small amount of professional knowledge reached the level of later graduate students.
Moreover, basic education has not yet been fully popularized. There were 100 primary schools built across the country back then, but now, after more than 1,000 years of efforts, there are only more than 1,000 of them. Basically, there is only one primary school in every county.
Many county towns do not have junior high schools and high schools. There are only state capitals or road offices, which are equivalent to the few junior high schools and high schools in cities and provincial capitals in later generations. Naturally, basic education cannot keep up.
Therefore, the level of doctoral students in the Song Dynasty at that time was actually not the level of doctoral students in later generations.
Instead, it is a level that allows you to access the most cutting-edge scientific research knowledge in the Song Dynasty.
They should barely be considered as a master's student in their professional field, or a junior or senior year student in some majors with relatively backward scientific research levels.
Even if we divide the majors into more specific categories, such as thermodynamics in physics, the level is not even at the junior high school level, and the scientific research ability is extremely lacking.
But even so, the existing doctoral students are already the treasures of the Song Dynasty.
Among them, the largest number of doctoral students are in mathematics. After all, ancient mathematics has made great achievements, and there has been a lot of research in advanced mathematics such as geometry, algebra, number series, higher-order equations, and functions.
After Zhao Jun helped establish the mathematical system, the School of Mathematics has even developed calculus, and other advanced mathematics are also expanding.
Therefore, the largest number of doctoral students at present are those in mathematics.
There are only more than 60 applicants this year, of which there are only 12 PhDs in physics, chemistry, and biology. This shows that apart from mathematics, the rest of the disciplines in the Song Dynasty are still quite backward.
However, Shen Kuo took the exam for a doctorate in physics.
After more than ten years of summarization and conclusion, the existing physics in the Song Dynasty is still uneven. Some majors can reach the university level, some are not even as good as junior high school, and most are at the junior high school and high school level.
According to the reported information, Shen Kuo has research talent in mechanics, optics and electromagnetism, the most advanced physics in the Song Dynasty, and his grades are ranked first.
If he could successfully complete his doctoral studies at the School of Physics, then with this degree, he would receive significant preferential treatment when taking the imperial examinations. Even if his Confucian studies were only at the level of a scholar, he would still be among the top three.
This is enough to show how much the Constitutional Yuan values such scientific research talents.
"In later generations, doctoral students became the main force in scientific research. Many breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies depended on them. It was common for a professor to lead several doctoral and master's students in scientific research."
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