Yue Fei indeed dug a hole in the ground from this point, and knowing that the enemy was prepared, he stopped. Ang raised his troops to support him, and Fei retreated. "I scared Yue Fei away." However, Pizhou belongs to Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Anciently known as Liangcheng, Piguo, Xiapi, and Dongxuzhou, it is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Shandong. It borders Xinyi City to the east, Xuzhou City's Tongshan District and Jiawang District to the west, Suining County to the south, and Lanling County, Shandong Province to the north.
Dongping, under the jurisdiction of Tai'an City, Shandong Province, is located in southwest Shandong, bordering the Yellow River to the west and Mount Tai to the east. It has a total area of 1,330.44 square kilometers. How should this situation be explained in conjunction with the statements of the previous individuals? There is also the following record: "Jin General Wuling Simou, known for his cunning and treachery, was unable to control his subordinates. He simply instructed them, 'Do not act rashly. Surrender upon the arrival of Yue's army.'"
There is no biography of Wuling Simou in the History of Jin Dynasty. His name was Wulinda Zanmo. I referred to Zhou Feng's "Exploration of Wulinda Zanmo, an Important Official in the Early Jin Dynasty", which quoted similar records from "Records of the Great Jin Dynasty" and "Compilation of the Northern Alliance of Three Dynasties". It said that in the third year of Tianjuan (1140), "Taihang righteous men broke into Wanshan Town in Huaizhou at night, 20 miles away from Huaizhou. The people of Huaizhou were greatly frightened. The governor of the state, Wuling Simou, led the army and the people to defend the city.
At dawn, he gathered the elders in the courtyard and said to them, "Do you know who defeated Wanshan Town? Was it the Southern Song army? Was it the Taihang bandits?" The elders all said, "The Taihang bandits." Simou said, "Since you know it was not the Southern Song army, you should all warn your sons and daughters and the villagers to be careful not to stir up trouble. I am afraid that the bandits will not be able to protect you and will harm people."
If the Southern Song army comes, there is no need for you to make plans. I will gather the people of the county and open the gates to welcome the royal army. That autumn, Wuzhu led his troops again.
He fought against the Song general Yue Fei and suffered a series of defeats. When his troops reached Zhuxian Town, they received an imperial edict from the Song Dynasty and returned. Huaining, Cai, and Zheng prefectures were all lost. Qin Hui called for a withdrawal of the troops and ordered Yue Fei to return to the imperial court.
In ancient times, people would gather lotus flowers and travel with drums, while today, people wear their hair in a variety of flowers. A day of traveling together in the countryside, welcoming wealth means forgetting worries.
The custom of welcoming wealth on the second day of the second lunar month has a very ancient origin. According to the Suihua Jili, as early as the time of Youchao, someone brought home a child on this day and raised him, which led to wealth for the family. Later generations would gather pampas grass leaves in the wild on this day to replace the child and offer them as a sacrifice in front of their door.
The Tianlu Jiyu also records that during the Qin Dynasty, people would carry drums and go out to the suburbs on this day, leaving in the morning and returning in the evening, which was called welcoming wealth. Wei Liaoweng of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote a poem titled "Wedding Wealth in Suining Beiguo on February 2nd": "Just after the day of tying willows to send away the poor, now it's time to wear flowers to welcome the rich."
On the steps of the Dragon Boat Festival, I picked cockscomb, and ground it carefully with alum in a small bowl. The girl's slender fingers were dyed red, and the pink, white, black and green colors enhanced her beauty.
There's a folk custom of pounding Impatiens balsamina to dye nails red during the Dragon Boat Festival or the Qixi Festival in May. As the "Yanjing Sui Shi Ji" records, "Impatiens balsamina is also known as the bone-penetrating grass, also known as the nail grass. When the flowers bloom in May, women in the boudoirs take them, pound them, and use them to dye their nails. The bright red color penetrates through the bones and lasts for years."
Another example is Hong Liangji's "Twelve Months Lyrics No. 7": "On the seventh day of the seventh month, I put on my makeup at dawn, burning incense in the Cowherd Temple. ... Haven't you seen the daughter of the landlord finish her work, her nails painted as red as flowers?"
First, let me introduce the judicial procedures of the Song Dynasty:
The judicial system of the Song Dynasty placed particular emphasis on "separation of powers and checks and balances." To achieve this, the founders of the Song Dynasty established a very complicated judicial procedure.
First of all, the powers of investigation and interrogation were separated. The arrest and criminal investigation agencies in the Song Dynasty were the Xunjiansi under the state and road yamen, and the Xianweisi under the county yamen, collectively known as the "Xunwei", which is equivalent to today's police station. Their duties were to arrest and pursue criminal suspects, collect criminal evidence, preside over judicial examinations, etc. However, according to the judicial system of the Song Dynasty, they were not allowed to participate in investigations, let alone convict suspects.
A piece of legislation in the early Song Dynasty stipulated: "When inspectors and envoys from various provinces are sent to catch bandits, they must not torture them first, but send them to the prefecture to which they belong." After the case entered the court procedure of the prefecture, a judge would first review the facts, which was called "inquiry."
The investigating officer will clarify the facts of the crime based on witness testimony, evidence, forensic examination and confession of the suspect and be able to eliminate reasonable doubt.
As for what law the prisoner had violated or what sentence should be imposed, he did not need to worry about it. After the defendant signed the name, the investigating officer had no role to play. However, if the interrogation went wrong, he would be held responsible.
After this procedure is completed, the second procedure begins. Another judge, who does not need to recuse himself, reviews the case with the defendant, asking him whether his confession is true and whether he has been wronged.
This procedure is called "luo interrogation." If the defendant protests his innocence, the previous court proceedings must be overturned and retried in a new court. This is called "fanyi biekan."
If the defendant does not protest his innocence, the next step is to proceed. The case file is handed over to another independent judge, who will review it for any doubts. If any are found, the case is returned for retrial. If no doubts are found, the judge will then examine the criminal facts recorded in the file to determine the legal provisions that the suspect has violated. This is called "examination and law."
The judge who is in charge of investigation and prosecution cannot be the same person. This is the "separate interrogation and adjudication" system unique to the Song Dynasty.
The people of the Song Dynasty believed that "separate departments for interrogation and judgment" could form a balance of power and prevent the abuse of power. "The prison officials investigate and interrogate, and the judicial officials examine and judge. Each has its own department, so as to prevent corruption."
After the procuratorate and the court, the case is handed over to a sentencing committee, which is responsible for drafting a verdict and submitting it to all judges of the committee for discussion.
If there is no objection to the verdict, all judges who signed will be held accountable if a miscarriage of justice is discovered in the future. This is called "joint prosecution."
A judge who disagrees with a judgment can refuse to sign or attach his or her own dissenting opinion. This is called a "petition." If it is later confirmed that the judgment was indeed wrong, the judge who submitted the "petition" will be exempt from accountability.
The verdict must be signed by all judges before it can proceed to the next step: sending it to the court's chief judge (also known as the prefect or governor) for formal sentencing. After the chief judge issues his verdict, he reads it to the defendant and asks if he accepts it.
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