From then on, fourteen pastoral supervisors, including Daming Supervisory Office in Daming Prefecture, Guangping Second Supervisory Office in Mingzhou, the first and second supervisory offices of Qishui in Weizhou, Luoyang Supervisory Office in Henan Prefecture, Yuanwu Supervisory Office in Zhengzhou, Shayuan Second Supervisory Office in Tongzhou, Anyang Supervisory Office in Xiangzhou, Zhenning Supervisory Office in Chanzhou, Anguo Supervisory Office in Xingzhou, Chunze Supervisory Office in Zhongmu County and Shanzhen Supervisory Office in Xuzhou, were under the management of the Group Pastoral Office.
In the fourth year of the Dazhong Xiangfu reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty (1011), the Upper and Lower Pastoral Supervisors were established to specifically take in and treat sick horses. The Qunmu Division also established the Supervisors of the Left and Right Wings to oversee the affairs of the Hebei and Henan pastoral supervisors. At the latest, by the fourth year of the Jingde reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty (1007), the Qunmu Judge and the Qunmu Dujian were established to inspect the various prefecture supervisors, check the number of horses, and supervise horse branding.
In the third year of the Jiayou reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1058), the management of the Horse Evaluation Office in Beijing was transferred to the Group Herdsman Office, which thus acquired the function of managing the Horse Evaluation Office in Beijing. In the first year of the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1068), the Song government established the Henan and Hebei Pastoral Supervision Commissioners' Offices to oversee the pastoral supervision of prefectures outside the capital. Since the Henan and Hebei Pastoral Supervision Commissioners' Offices were subordinate to the Privy Council, the Group Herdsman Office's function of overseeing national horse administration was severely weakened, and it was only able to manage horse administration in the capital area.
The Henan and Hebei Pastoral Supervisory Offices were abolished in the Xining/V year. However, starting from the fifth year of Xining, the Song government successively implemented the Horse Protection Law and the Household Horse Law in the capital and the northwest region, using the people to replace the officials to raise horses to develop the horse breeding industry.
This weakened the function of the Qunmusi in managing the national horse affairs. From the tenth year of Xining (1077) to the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), the Song government established the Qunmuxingsi to supervise the purchase of horses in Qinzhou, Fengxiang Prefecture and other places, and also to manage the Shayuan Supervisor. The functions of the Qunmusi were increased, but the establishment period was relatively short.
In the fifth year of Emperor Shenzong's reign (1082), the Song government implemented a reform of the official system. The Qunmusi was abolished, and its horse management functions were mostly inherited by the Taipusi.
The functions were assigned to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Driving.
3. The Taipu Temple and Jiabu in the Song Dynasty and the Evolution of Their Functions
The Taipu Temple was a horse management agency established at the beginning of the Song Dynasty. Before the Yuanfeng reform, its functions were relatively weak. After the Yuanfeng reform, it became an agency in charge of horse management across the country, and its functions were expanded.
Before the Yuanfeng reform, "the Taipu Temple was in charge of matters related to chariots, carriages, stables, and miscellaneous livestock. The duties of chariots were performed by the temple itself, while other duties were under the jurisdiction of the Qijiyuan." The functions of the Taipu Temple were limited to the management of chariots, carriages, stables, and miscellaneous livestock.
In the fifth year of the Yuanfeng reign, the "Group Herdsmen" were abolished and the envoys were appointed, with the duties being returned to the Imperial Household Department. The Imperial Household Department became the institution responsible for overseeing national horse administration. In the first year of the Yuanyou reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty (1086), with the abolition of Wang Anshi's reforms, the Horse Protection and Household Horse Laws ceased to exist, and the Imperial Household Department's horse administration functions were strengthened.
In the first year of Yuanyou reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song Dynasty, the Song government established a stable under the Privy Council to manage the horse breeding, rental and other affairs of the Qijiyuan and other district supervisors, and to assist the Imperial Equipage Ministry in managing the central horse affairs. This weakened the functions of the Imperial Equipage Ministry to a certain extent, but because it was not established for a long time, its impact was limited.
During the Song Dynasty, the Jiabu (Jiabu) was a department under the Ministry of War. In the early Song Dynasty, the Jiabu had no specific duties. After the Yuanfeng Reform, the Jiabu took charge of the chariots, carriages, stables, livestock, vehicles, and post offices. The left and right wing supervisors, who oversaw official duties in the Hebei and Henan pastoral areas, were also transferred to the Jiabu.
Since the Yuanfeng reform, the authority of the Jiabu gradually expanded, and finally replaced the Taipu Temple in the third year of Jianyan (1129) during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, becoming the institution in charge of the national horse affairs.
With the abolition of the Qunmu Si and Taipu Temple, the Jiabu became the only central horse management agency in the Song Dynasty. Since the Jiabu originally belonged to the Ministry of War, the military nature of the horse management in the Song Dynasty was greatly increased.
This has a lot to do with the military pressure faced by the Southern Song government after moving south, and is also related to the Song government's streamlining of institutions and strengthening of centralization.
After moving south, due to geographical limitations and reduced military needs, the Song government mainly obtained horses by purchasing them. The functions of the central horse administration agency were reduced, and its horse purchasing function became more important.
The development of horse administration institutions in the Song Dynasty was directly related to its territorial expansion and military needs.
During the reign of Emperor Taizu of Song, the Song Dynasty was busy unifying the south. However, the mountainous south did not require many war horses, and the unification of the south did not bring a large number of war horses to the Song Dynasty. "There were no war horses in the south of the Yangtze River, so the court gave them a hundred horses every year. They were used as vanguards to resist the royal army. After they were captured, their marks were checked and they were all given by the court." [2] 337. In the north, the Song government took a defensive stance.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song, in order to conquer the Northern Han and recover the "Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun", a large number of horses were purchased from the people. After pacifying the Northern Han, a large number of war horses were obtained. Therefore, a new prison was established to house and manage the horses, and the Left and Right Feilongyuan, which managed the central horse affairs, were changed to the Left and Right Tianjiuyuan, and later to the Left and Right Qijiyuan.
"After the imperial stables were full, the horses were distributed to various states for grazing." As the number of horses increased greatly, the capital's stables could not accommodate them all, so the excess horses were placed in various states for grazing.
To better manage the country's horse administration, the Qunmusi (Horse Herding Department) came into being. The central horse administration agencies of the Song Dynasty were constantly changing to adapt to the needs of horse administration, and the Qunmusi (Horse Herding Department) was a new creation in the Song Dynasty's central horse administration.
The establishment and abolition of institutions, and the adjustment of their functions, were all aimed at better serving the needs of the development of corresponding affairs, and behind them were deep-seated political, military, and economic factors.
In 1103 (the second year of Chongning), Yue Fei was born into an ordinary peasant family in Tangyin County, Xiangzhou, Hebei Province (now Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province). During the Northern Song Dynasty, Tangyin County, Xiangzhou was the gathering place of the Yue clan.
In November 1126 (the first year of the Jing Kang reign), facing the severe situation of foreign invasion and the danger of his country, Yue Fei joined the army again and began the anti-Jin struggle that lasted for more than ten years.
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