Human bones are part of the human body. Bones are composed of bone tissue, and living bone cells are part of bone tissue.
Even though orthopedic surgeons hold heavy tools in their hands, just like other surgeons, all the treatments they perform on patients are also in the hope of using the body's own cells to repair damaged parts. This is the most natural, long-lasting and has the lowest side effects.
According to this idea, the bone to fill the gap should preferably be autologous bone. Autologous bone is a part of the patient's own healthy bone or bone material extracted from a large bone, usually cancellous bone.
Just thinking about the surgical procedure of bone removal, patients and their families can feel the great pain that patients have to endure. Before breakthroughs in materials science, doctors and patients had no choice but to go this way. Therefore, autologous bone is not the best way.
It is said that using the patient's own cells is the best, so what if autologous bone is not used? Don't get it wrong here. The doctor hopes to use the body's own cells to repair the disease, which is not completely equal to whether autologous bone is used or not.
Through continuous research and progress in materials science, scientists and medical scientists have discovered that they only need to find materials that can fuse with human cells to make grafts, just like salt and water finally becoming one. There is no need to take other tissues from the patient's body to fill the gap. This is the most cutting-edge field of contemporary medical research. When we go to various departments for medical treatment, we often hear doctors talk about the term biocompatibility of materials.
In addition to biocompatibility, bones have their own characteristics. Orthopedic surgeons need to consider other specialized factors when choosing their own specialized materials. For example, the material needs to function like human bones, be able to adapt to the mechanical conduction of the human body, and have certain mechanical properties. The material must have a microporous structure that allows human cells to drill in and grow. It is best to be absorbed and digested by human tissues like absorbable sutures. In this case, the material needs to be absorbed at a speed that is roughly the same as the growth rate of bone cells. Finally, it needs to be able to be shaped like plaster, as human bones themselves are three-dimensional.
The above requirements once again reflect that medicine is a science that integrates the most advanced technologies of all sciences. Is there such a material? Yes, there is, but the best one has definitely not been found. If it could be found, humans would have long cracked the science of life and could replace God in creating humans. Therefore, the application of human bones cannot completely replace all application scenarios of autologous bones.
Back to the patient. The patient is a teenager, and the doctor will definitely not cut a piece of the child's own healthy bone unless there is no choice. But this spinal surgery is to remove a whole piece of the patient's bone, unlike other bone defect surgeries where artificial bone can be used to fill the missing part. Simply put, after removing the whole bone, there is too much missing bone, so it is not appropriate to use artificial bone to fill it all. If you want to use human cells again, the seeds cannot be sown without soil.
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Doctors mix artificial bone with the patient's own bone to fill the gap, which is equivalent to using artificial bone to make up for the insufficient amount of autologous bone and replace part of the autologous bone for a certain period of time while waiting for the autologous bone to grow. The mixing ratio can be one to one.
If autologous bone is not cut, what other bones can be used? Doctors can use local materials. For example, spinal surgery often uses decompression bones to make mixed autologous bones, and the broken ribs are crushed into broken bones for waste utilization.
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