This is a very common sign in pediatric orthopedics. It is commonly known as clubfoot. Its cause is not related to bones, but to abnormal development of tendons and ligaments.
How does clubfoot come about? Some children can be diagnosed with clubfoot in their mother’s womb through ultrasound in the middle and late stages of pregnancy before they are born. This indicates that it is probably not a fetal malformation, because clubfoot is rarely seen in ultrasound examinations in the early stages of pregnancy.
The general medical explanation is that clubfoot occurs during the mother's pregnancy, and the child's normal foot changes to clubfoot. The reason may be that the fetus is in an abnormal position or the fetus is too large, and the child is compressed in the mother's womb, causing the foot to deform. Since it is impossible to completely determine the only cause of the disease in medicine, other causes cannot be ruled out. Doctors have been investigating whether factors including genetics lead to abnormal foot inversion during the child's development.
Clubfoot is like other diseases. It may be a simple congenital foot deformity, or it may be a sign secondary to other diseases. The most common secondary disease is neurosurgery, which includes central nervous system diseases and peripheral nervous system diseases. Central nervous system diseases are problems with the brain and spinal cord, which is a serious matter and requires a doctor to carefully examine and identify.
The neurosurgery examination in pediatrics is similar to that in adults. It includes checking the consciousness of the child and various superficial and deep reflexes. The only difference between children and adults is that infants and young children are still growing and developing, unlike adults who have already completed their development. This results in the child's brain not being fully developed at birth. After the child is born, the brain will continue to develop, and the head will gradually grow larger along with the development of the whole body, which is reflected in the normal physiological range of head circumference.
Measuring head circumference is a routine item in normal physical examinations for infants and young children. Emergency re-examination is mainly to prevent children from sudden illnesses and some parents are careless and do not take their children for physical examinations on time.
By measuring the head circumference, we can know that the child's brain is developing, and the brain must expand outward during the development process. In order to meet the growth needs in this aspect, the human physiological structure deliberately does not close all the skull sutures immediately after birth, but waits until the child's brain is fully developed before the entire skull grows together to form the most solid helmet to protect the brain. Because of this, before the skull grows together, the infant's head is much more fragile than that of an adult. Once an infant's brain is injured, it is conceivable that it will be very serious and more serious than that of an adult.
Before the skull bones close together, the gaps between them are like a door that is temporarily open, so they are called fontanelles. There are two fontanelles, one in the center of the top of the child's head, which is diamond-shaped, the anterior fontanelle, which will not close completely until the child is one to one and a half years old. The posterior fontanelle is a triangle behind the head, which is closed at birth for some children, and the latest closure is six to eight weeks.
Sometimes we can see that the baby's head is pointy and looks deformed when it is born. It is mostly because the anterior fontanelle is not closed. Don't worry, it will grow naturally after closing. Experienced elders say that the baby's head is pointy because it is squeezed by the mother when it is born. This statement is not completely unreasonable. Because the baby's unclosed fontanelle is also for the baby's head to adjust to the changes in the mother's birth canal, so that the mother can give birth naturally.
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