Chapter 1112 The Administrative System of the Han Tribe
When Da Shu heard Luo Chong asking about the situation of the Youqiao Clan, he immediately said,
"To reply to the leader, Youzhi has been in charge of the Youqiao Clan since the beginning, and I was not allowed to take over. At the beginning, Youzhi only asked me to take away ten immigrants, and I didn't take care of the subsequent matters.
"But I heard that the settlement of the Youqiao Clan has not expanded, so I guess they haven't brought the remaining people here yet. "Da Shu told the truth.
Luo Chong nodded in understanding, but did not blame him. Da Shu had too many things to manage. A small You Qiao family did not need a county governor like him to manage.
The train was moving at a constant speed. Luo Chong and Da Shu chatted on that special train. They talked about the scientific and technological level of the Han tribe, the population growth of the Han tribe, the industrial layout in the south, and the future administrative agencies of the empire.
When Luo Chong revealed the concept of the empire and roughly explained the functions and operation methods of the three provinces, six ministries, nine courts, and one bank he envisioned, Da Shu's eyes widened in shock.
Originally, Da Shu thought that the Han tribe, as a tribal organization, had only the biggest leader and the rest. The highest official position should be the governor of a state. If one can become the governor of a county, he is already a top-notch official in the entire tribe. But now it seems that the governor of a state can only be regarded as a local official at best!
If the imperial center that the leader said is really established, how many official positions will be added, and how high a position can he climb in the future.
Based on Dashu’s qualifications in the Han tribe and his ability in administrative management, jokingly speaking, if Luo Chong wanted to become a prime minister, it would definitely be Dashu.
Unfortunately, Luo Chong didn’t want to take the position of prime minister at all. Isn’t this just asking for trouble! Throughout thousands of years of history, all the dynasties in China were in the struggle between imperial power and prime ministerial power. The civil
service group wanted to control the emperor, and the emperor wanted to control the officials. Both sides fought for those powers and racked their brains. What about the prime minister? What is a prime minister?
The prime minister does not have the title of emperor, but what is the difference between the power in his hands and the emperor?
How can there be two emperors in the world? !
At this time, Da Shu had no idea what Luo Chong was thinking. He was still shocked by the core of the empire that Luo Chong had just described.
According to Luo Chong, the Han Empire will have three provinces in the future, namely the Secretariat, the Shangshu Province, and the Menxia Province.
Among them, the Secretariat is the secretariat beside the emperor, responsible for handling various confidential documents and drafting government decrees.
The Shangshu Province is the most powerful administrative agency. The administrative agency was responsible for managing all the major and minor affairs of the country. It was composed of six ministers, so it was also called the Shangshu Province.
The last Menxia Province was the agency that reviewed and issued government orders.
The most important of them was the Shangshu Province, which was divided into six ministries, nine academies, and one line.
These six ministries were the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of Works, and the Ministry of Revenue that Luo Chong was familiar with.
The chief officials of the six ministries were called Shangshu, also called Bu Tang, and they had left and right assistant ministers as deputies of the Shangshu.
Under these six ministries, more than 30 branches were set up in different categories, covering all the affairs of the world.
In fact, there were some things that Dashu didn't know. Many of the branches set up by Luo Chong under the six ministries were not in the six ministries in history. Rather, it was specially established according to the modern administrative agencies and the actual situation of the Han tribe.
For example, the Ministry of Rites in history, the Ministry of Rites in ancient times was a department in charge of sacrifices, etiquette, education, and imperial examinations. Even the Ministry of Rites in the Ming Dynasty was in charge of the Jiaofangsi, which was the official brothel.
Luo Chong would certainly not copy such functions directly.
According to Luo Chong's idea, if the Ministry of Rites was only in charge of education and examinations, it might as well be called the Ministry of Education.
But in this case, the functions of the Ministry of Rites would be too narrow, so Luo Chong added several functional divisions to the Ministry of Rites of the Han tribe. The Ministry
of Rites is the largest ministry, with five divisions, namely the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Propaganda, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.
As the name implies, the Ministry of Education is responsible for the national education system; the Ministry of Culture is responsible for reviewing various literary and artistic works in the empire, including various publications, such as books, or films, records, movies, etc.
Of course, this requires that movies can be made in the future.
The Propaganda Department is simpler, it is in charge of all media in the entire empire. What is the media? It is the official mouthpiece that controls public opinion. Although the Han tribe does not have a media now, Luo Chong plans to set it up.
Today, the Han tribe already has typewriters, wax paper printing plate technology, and roller ink printing presses. As long as the papermaking industry is developed, printing newspapers will become a matter of course, right?
What is a newspaper? A newspaper is... Paper media! Wouldn't it be great to publish a few copies of "Youth Daily", "Ta Kung Pao", "Imperial Daily" and so on?
The Propaganda Department is used to manage these media and control the direction of public opinion.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection is also very simple. At this stage, it is impossible to achieve high-tech environmental protection. It is just to hire some employees to sweep the streets, clean up sewage, plant trees on both sides of the road, and manage urban greening.
The last Postal Department under the Ministry of Rites, as the name suggests, is for delivering letters. It is the postal system of the Han Empire.
But this is only temporary. If Luo Chong can lead the research institute to develop a telegraph machine during his lifetime, he will definitely change the Postal Department into the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, mobile phones and computers. Luo Chong no longer expected anything like that, otherwise, if he had this thing, he would have to add another Ministry of Information, but he didn't even dare to think about it.
With these five branches with different functions, the Ministry of Rites, which originally had a single authority, suddenly became fuller.
The other major ministries were also different. They were reformed by Luo Chong or granted many functions that did not exist originally.
For example, the Ministry of Households envisioned by Luo Chong had as many as six branches.
There was the Ministry of Taxation, which managed the empire's taxes; there was also the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which managed the registered population; there was also the Ministry of Finance, which managed the empire's fiscal revenue and expenditure, and the Audit Department, which was responsible for statistics and data verification.
And there was also the Ministry of Agriculture, which was in charge of the country's agriculture, and the Banking Regulatory Department, which supervised banks.
The functions are subdivided, but they are comprehensive, so that the Han Empire can be managed more flexibly and comprehensively.
In addition, there is the Ministry of War. Luo Chong's Ministry of War is different from the ancient Ministry of War. He copied it completely according to the modern military system. Although it is called the Ministry of War, in Luo Chong's eyes, it doesn't matter if it is called the Ministry of National Defense.
The Ministry of War of the Han tribe has many branches, among which the General Staff Department is unchanged, which is responsible for formulating the national military deployment. Where to garrison and where to fight are all formulated by the General Staff Department, and then reported to the emperor for approval and issued an order for execution.
In addition, there is the Sima Department, which is responsible for mobilizing troops, and is also responsible for the army's ideology and logistics, as well as intelligence, etc. It only has the right to mobilize troops, but not the right to command troops, which is similar to the Sima in the military guards.
In addition, there is also the Equipment Department, which is specifically responsible for ordnance. Its management includes firearms, ammunition, vehicles, ships, and even arsenals, as well as the production of military uniforms and boots, and even the research and development of new weapons, the elimination and replacement of military equipment, all of which are under the management of the Equipment Department.
Then there is the Armed Forces Department, which is a department specifically responsible for military service. The annual conscription, enlistment of new soldiers, retirement of veterans, pensions for martyrs' families, condolences to disabled soldiers, active soldiers returning home to visit their families, or families of active soldiers visiting their families on the front lines, all of these are under the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces Department.
The above four branches are fixed branches under the Ministry of War. In addition, there are several temporary branches, namely the theater command. This is mainly based on the garrison situation in various places, as well as temporary decisions on defense or attack tasks. There are no permanent branches.
In addition to the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Revenue, and the Ministry of Rites, there is also the Ministry of Personnel, which manages the appointment and removal of officials across the country. This is not much different from the Ministry of Personnel in history. Its functions are to select officials, appoint and remove officials, and assess the performance of officials. These are the most basic functions.
Luo Chong only added a branch to the Ministry of Personnel, called the Ministry of Enterprise Affairs, which was responsible for the appointment and dismissal of personnel in various state-owned enterprises in the Han Empire. Because in Luo Chong's mind, the employees of these state-owned enterprises, such as factory managers, should also eat public meals. Since they have iron rice bowls, they naturally have to accept the management of the Ministry of Personnel.
The Ministry of Industry of the Han tribe is responsible for more, including the national water conservancy construction, the national railway construction and operation, the Ministry of Construction responsible for special construction, and the Ministry of Transportation responsible for managing the national roads and bridges. Finally
, there is the Ministry of Industry responsible for managing the national industry. The last Ministry of Criminal Justice is part of the three judicial departments of the Han tribe. There is the Ministry of Public Security, which is responsible for national public security, the Ministry of Criminal Investigation, which is responsible for case investigation and arresting criminals, and it has the armed police in its hands. It is a department with guns.
In addition, there is the Ministry of Justice, which is responsible for legal education, popularizing the law to the public, discovering legal loopholes, and submitting suggestions for adding and amending laws.
There are also the Department of Penalties and Confiscations, which is responsible for various fines and confiscated stolen money and stolen goods. If they can be compensated to the victims, they will be compensated. As for fines, those that are confiscated and the court itself does not need them, they will be directly auctioned for money.
For example, if a fishing boat captain committed a serious crime and was arrested, his fishing boat was confiscated. The fishing boat was confiscated, and the court itself did not need it, so the boat could be auctioned directly.
There is also a last branch, which is the Prison Department, which is responsible for prisons across the country and the management and labor reform of all prisoners in custody.
Adding these five branches together, the functions of the Ministry of Justice are complete.
Speaking of the three provinces and six ministries, in fact, it is very complicated in history.
During the Qin Dynasty, it was a system of three officials and nine ministers and counties. Let’s not talk about counties and counties. Let’s talk about the three officials and nine ministers in the central government. The three officials are the prime minister in charge of administration, the imperial censor in charge of supervision, and the general in charge of military affairs.
The rest of the Nine Ministers are similar to the various branches of modern times, that is, the Nine Temples that gradually evolved during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Six Ministries and Nine Temples after the Sui and Tang Dynasties actually evolved from the functions of the Nine Ministers. To be precise, the Nine Ministers who previously held great power were decentralized and became many scattered departments.
However, this change was not thorough. Looking at the dynasties after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is not difficult to find that there are many overlapping functions between the Nine Temples and the Six Ministries.
For example, the Honglu Temple among the Nine Temples is specifically responsible for sacrifices and receiving foreign diplomatic envoys, but the ancient Ministry of Rites also managed diplomacy and sacrifices. Isn’t this a functional overlap?
Another example is the Dali Temple. The Dali Temple is in charge of justice, in charge of the Tianlao, and is responsible for hearing major cases. In modern terms, it is the Supreme Court of the State, but the Ministry of Justice also hears cases. Isn’t this another overlapping function? !
There is also the Sinong Temple. The Sinong Temple is in charge of national agriculture and granary reserves. Doesn’t this overlap with the Ministry of Households?
So, in a nutshell, although the administrative system was reformed after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the reform was not thorough. If it is directly applied to the Han tribe, it is obviously inappropriate.
The functions of some departments are highly overlapping, and some departments do not exist at all. Therefore, Luo Chong simply changed the historical three provinces, six ministries, and nine ministers into three provinces, six ministries, nine courts, and one line.
The three provinces and six ministries are there, and the nine courts are nine independent institutions established after Luo Chong checked for loopholes and filled them.
They are the Supreme Court in charge of judicial trials, which is equivalent to the ancient Dali Temple, but the difference is that Luo Chong separated the right to try cases from the Ministry of Justice and put them all under the court.
The Ministry of Justice only has the right to file a case for investigation and arrest people, but not the right to try a case and convict.
In addition, there is the Central Academy of Sciences in charge of scientific research, referred to as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which has agricultural research institutes, chemistry institutes, physics institutes, mathematics institutes, astronomy institutes, and special research groups temporarily established for a certain project.
In addition, there is the Inspectorate that supervises all officials in the world, which is equivalent to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.
There is also the last link of the three-judicial system, the procuratorate, which is a public prosecution agency. It also issues arrest warrants and examines and verifies evidence. It also has the right to recommend the addition or deletion of laws.
Speaking of the procuratorate, Luo Chong remembered some comments he saw on the Internet in his previous life. Someone asked, if a person breaks the law, if no one sues him, then does he not have to go to jail?
Luo Chong thought at the time, how could it be possible? Even if no one sues him, as long as he is discovered by the police, the procuratorate will understand what a public prosecution agency is. This is an official agency that specializes in filing complaints.
Why are there three-judicial agencies? The normal process of criminal cases should be that someone reports the case to the public security agency, or the public security agency discovers the case itself, and then begins to file a case for investigation.
After discovering the evidence, the evidence is submitted to the procuratorate. The procuratorate verifies the truth and determines that the case is indeed illegal. Then it issues an arrest warrant to the public security agency, so that the public security can legally arrest people and search their homes.
After the suspect is caught, the procuratorate will bring a public prosecution to the court. The procuratorate will sue the suspect for what crime he has committed. The public security organs will be responsible for collecting evidence, and finally the court will convict and sentence him. Whether it is to be killed, sent to labor camp, or fined, it is all up to the court.
Speaking of the death penalty, we have to talk about the ancient practice of beheading.
He has been sentenced to death, why do they have to wait until autumn to behead him? !
Can't they just behead him after sentencing him to death? Why do they have to feed him for a while longer? ! Isn't this a waste of food?
Many people can't figure this out, but there is actually an explanation.
First, ancient people were superstitious and believed that autumn was followed by winter. In autumn and winter, the wind blows and the leaves fall, everything is quiet, and it is a good season for killing! ! !
Of course, this is only one
aspect. Another aspect is that they were afraid of false and wrongful convictions. In ancient times, there were certain human rights. Even in the Qin Dynasty, if you were dissatisfied with the government's verdict, you could continue to appeal and request a retrial! ! !
If it was really an unjust case, maybe a retrial would clear your name. But who knows. If you are sentenced to death in the second instance, then don't say anything and just wait until autumn to be executed.
Why must autumn be executed? That is to give you some time to appeal again.
(End of this chapter)
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